Tudor England 1485 - 1603

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Tudor England1485 - 1603
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Characteristics of Tudor Rule

• Greatly increased royal power.
• Near complete control over Parliament.
• Emergence of England as a world power.
• Growth of English nationalism.
• Tremendous popularity among the people.
• Establishment of the protestant church.

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Henry VIII (1509-1547)

• Negotiated peace between England and France.
• Built the first royal navy.
• Conquered Ireland
• Led the English Reformation
• Greatly increased royal wealth by dissolving
  monasteries
• Married six times in an effort to have a male
  heir.

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Edward VI (1547-1553)

• Son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour
• Assumed throne at age 11.
• Strengthened the Protestant Church.
• Scholarly and sickly most of his life. Died at
  age 16.
• Left the throne to a protestant cousin, Lady Jane
  Grey.

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Execution of Lady Jane Grey
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Mary I (1553-1557) Bloody Mary

• Re-established Catholicism
• Married King Philip II of Spain
• Lived in constant fear of a protestant overthrow.
• Acquired her nickname Bloody Mary because of
  persecution of Protestants

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ELIZABETH I (1558-1603)The Virgin Queen

• Led England to its greatest heights
• Protected Protestantism by establishing the
  Anglican Church
• Encouraged English seadogs to raid Spanish
  fleets and New World colonies
• Led the defeat of the Spanish Armada

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• Encouraged establishment of New World colonies by
  Sir Walter Raleigh
• Renaissance flourished under her rule.
• Never married. Tudor dynasty ended with her death
  in 1603.
• Her reign is known as the Elizabethan Age

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DEFEAT OF THE SPANISH ARMADA - 1588

• The Spanish Armada attempted to invade England in
  1588.
• The English navy destroyed or damaged most of the
  ships in the armada.
• Out of the original 130 Spanish ships only 67
  returned to Spain.
• England becomes master of the seas
• Spanish power begins to decline
• English wealth, power and prestige increases

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The Stuart Dynasty1603 - 1714
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Characteristics of Early Stuart Rule

• Viewed as outsiders by the people
• Unpopular with people and Parliament
• Discriminated against Puritans and Catholics
• Openly violated English law
• Constantly feuded with Parliament
• Claimed Divine Right

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JAMES I (1603-1625)

• Inability to understand English customs caused
  great unpopularity
• Persecuted religious minorities forcing many to
  flee to the New World
• Ordered the writing of the King James version of
  the Bible

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CHARLES I (1625-1649)

• Very arrogant toward Parliament
• Constantly clashed with Parliament over money
• Forced to sign Petition of Right in 1625 which
  reaffirmed the Magna Carta
• Started a civil war against Parliament in 1642
• Executed for Treason in 1649

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Civil War (1642-1649)

• Britain divided between supporters of the king
  and supporters of Parliament
• 1646 - war ends Charles Royal army defeated
• Parliament tried king for treason, found guilty,
  and executed in 1649
• First and only time that the British executed
  their king

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Leaders Charles I Oliver Cromwell
Called Cavaliers Roundheads
Supporters Nobles/ landowners Parliament/ business class
Religion Catholic/ Anglican Puritan
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OLIVER CROMWELL - Lord Protector1649-1658

• Defeated Charles I in the English Civil War
• Had Charles executed in 1649
• Abolished the Monarchy and formed a commonwealth
• Named himself Lord Protector
• Imposed his Puritan beliefs on the English people
  by imposing a strict moral code. Became widely
  hated
• Died in 1658

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Charles II The Restoration 1660-1685

• Son of Charles I
• When the monarchy was restored he returned from
  exile in France to rule.
• Parliament passed Habeas Corpus in 1679 which
  limited the kings power to jail opponents.
• He restored many of the rights of the English
  people that had been outlawed under Cromwells
  rule.
• He was succeeded by his brother James who became
  James II

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James II and the Glorious Revolution1685-1688

• Brother of Charles II.
• Married a Catholic and converted to Catholicism.
• Fought with Parliament over appointment of
  Catholics to high office
• Had a Protestant daughter, Mary by a previous
  marriage.
• He had a son by his second wife and announced
  that he would be raised a Catholic.
• This led to fear of a Catholic takeover of the
  crown.
• In 1688, James was forced to flee into exile in a
  bloodless revolution what became known as the
  Glorious Revolution

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William and Mary1689-1702

• Agreed to govern as co-rulers and to cooperate
  with Parliament.
• Agreed with the English Bill of Rights which was
  passed in 1689.
• Parliament created a Limited Monarchy which
  severely limited the power of the monarchy from
  that point forward.
• Succeeded by their daughter Anne after Williams
  death in 1702.

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Anne I(1702 -1714)

• Succeeded her parents William and Mary as Queen.
• Act of Union in 1707 was passed during her reign
  which united England, Scotland.
• She left no heir to the throne thus ending the
  Stuart Dynasty.
• A new dynasty the Hanover Dynasty was established
  and would rule England over the next century.