Beaker

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Double Pan Balance
Beaker
Graduated Cylinders
Meter Stick
Test Tubes
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Double Pan Balance

• The double pan balance is used to measure the
  mass of an object.
• The mass is the amount of matter an object has.
• The mass is measured in base units called grams
  (g).

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Using a Double-Pan Balance

• 1. First, zero the balance. Its zeroed if the
  pointer is at zero when both pans are empty. A
  double-pan balance usually has sliding knobs you
  can use to zero the balance if necessary.
• 2. Place the object you want to measure on one of
  the pans.
• 3. Place standard masses onto the other pan,
  starting with the largest standard mass. If this
  adds too much mass to the balance, begin with the
  next smaller standard mass.
• 4. Keep adding standard masses until both pans
  are balanced and the pointer points to zero.
  Determine the mass of the object in grams by
  adding the standard masses together.

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Beakers

• Beakers are used to measure liquids.
• Beakers are used to transfer liquids from a
  larger source such as a bottle to smaller pieces
  of equipment such as a graduated cylinder.

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Graduated Cylinder

• Graduated cylinders are used to measure the
  volume of a liquid.
• Volume is the amount of space an object takes up.
• Volume is measured in base units called liters
  (l).

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Reading the graduated cylinder

• Using a graduated cylinder marked off in units of
  tenths will give you a finer measurement .
• When a liquid is placed into a glass container it
  forms a meniscus a curved surface that is lower
  in the middle than at the edges. In order to read
  the graduated cylinder correctly, it must be
  placed on a stable surface such as the desktop of
  the work area. Never try to read the graduated
  cylinder while holding it in your hand. Your eye
  must be level with the bottom of the meniscus. Do
  not look down at or up at the bottom of the
  meniscus.

Meniscus
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Beaker vs. Graduated Cylinder

• Liquids can not be measured as accurately in a
  beaker as in a graduated cylinder.
• A graduated cylinder has more divisions and, as a
  result, it is more accurate.

50 ml divisions
1 ml divisions
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Meter Stick

• A meter stick is used to measure the length,
  height and width of an object.
• The base unit is a meter (m).
• There are 100 centimeters (cm) in 1 meter.
• There are 1000 millimeters (mm) in a meter.

40 cm is represented by longer division line.
Smaller division lines represent mm. There are
10 mm in each cm.
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Metric Measurement
What is being measured units Unit abbreviations Tools for measurement Examples
mass grams g Pan balance 454 grams of peanut butter
liquid liter l Graduated cylinder 2 liter bottle of soda
length meters m Meter stick Running the 100 meter dash
temperature Celsius o C thermometer Water freezes at 0 o C
This is equivalent to a pound of peanut butter
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Prefixes for Metric Measurements
Kilo 1000 1 km 1000m
Centi 1/100 1cm 1/100m 0.01m
milli 1/1000 1mm 1/1000 m 0.001m