Reformation

1
The Protestant Reformation

• Reformation
• or
• Revolution?

2
The Spark

• October 31, 1517 Wittenburg
• 95 Theses nailed to church door
• Response to Church
• Final straw Johann Tetzels preaching on
  indulgences for for St. Peters
• Indulgence remission of temporal punishment due
  to sin --- VALID still today
• selling invalid!

3
Fanning the Flames

• Pope Leo X ignores call for council - so
• Luther goes public writing tracts
• Vs. indulgences
• Vs. Papal authority over Council
• Vs. condemnation of Hus
• Vs. 7 sacraments --- only baptism/communion
• Vs. transubstantiation
• Pro married clergy
• Pro individual interpretation of Scripture
• Pro sola scriptura
• Pro justification by faith --- NOT works
• Threatened with excommunication --- enter
• Charles V -- Who???? -- (aka Charles I of Spain)

4
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (aka Charles I of
Spain)
1556
1519
5
The Habsburg Dynasty

• Ferdinand----Isabella
• of Aragon of Castille
• Catherine--Henry VIII
• of Aragon of Eng.
• Mary Tudor

• Maximilian I ---------Mary
• Habsburg(1493-1519) of Burgundy
• Philip of Burgundy----------Joanna
• of Castille
• (la loca)
• Charles V
• (1519-1556)
• Philip II (1556-1598)

Other nations wage war you, Austria, marry.
6
The Flames Leap Up

• Threatened with excommunication
• Refuses to retract
• Condemned excommunicated by Leo X
• Exsurge Domine
• Luther publicly burns the bull!
• Charles V sees need to end heresy
• Calls Diet of Worms, 1521
• Luther says cant recant vs. conscience
• God help me! Amen.
• Banned from Holy Roman Empire
• Saxony Elector others protect him
• Writes German edition of New Testament

7
The Reformation Spreads

• Luther denies authority sooo cant others?
• Call to German nationalism!
• Lutheran princes form Schmalkaldic League vs.
  Charles V religious wars in HRE
• Back in France --- Francis I (Valois) --- vs.
  Charles --- b/c hes sandwiched
• Sig Catholic w/Prot vs. Catholic!!!!!
• fought in Italy--- (oops 1527 Charles
  mercenaries attack Rome!)

8
Peace of Augsburg1555

• Cuius regio, eius religio
• Whose the region, his the religion
• Applies only to HRE
• What is Protestant remains so (N)
• What is Catholic remains so (S)
• But doesnt mean tolerance!!!!

9
Part II ZWINGLI 1484-1531

• Hellenist friend of Erasmus
• Peoples Priest in Zurich, Switzerland
• Teaching vs. all authority
• No Mass only a memorial
• Condemned relics, incense, pilgrimages
• Iconoclasm destroyed images crucifix
• Determined to take over Switzerland
• Dies in battle 1531
• ANABAPTISTS disgruntled Zwinglians

10
John Calvin 1509-1556

• Layman French, fled to Geneva
• SYSTEMATIZED PROTESTANT THOUGHT
• Institutes of the Christian Religion
• Teachings
• salvation through Scripture alone
• justification by faith
• no dancing, cards, drink
• Presbyterian (Reformed) --- Knox
• PREDESTINATION Man totally corrupt
• Huguenots (French) / Puritans (US)

11
Part III THE ENGLISH REFORMATION

• Not Lutheran --- Causes Different
• Henry VIII Catherine of Aragon
• -1521 Defender of the Faith vs. Luther!
• -Henry wants a son! --- so Anne Boleyn
• -asks Pope Clement VII for annulment
• Yes? then Julius II wrong
• No? - Henry may throw a fit
• So???????

12
The Plot Thickens. . .

• Clement VII stalls
• 1529 Henry head as far as the law of Christ
  allows
• Thomas More made Lord Chancellor but resigns!
• 1533 Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury,
  declares the marriage null!!!
• 1534 Act of Supremacy
• 1534 Oath of Supremacy the only supreme head on
  earth of the Church of England
• 1535 Thomas More executed
• 1539 6 Articles --- Catholic except for
  supremacy
• 1535-39 Dissolution of monasteries
• bare ruined choirs where late the sweet bird
  sang
• IrelandChurch driven underground - illegal

13
Im Henry the VIII, I am. . .
Catherine of Aragon m.1507?-1533 Children Mary
Tudor Divorced
14
Henry the VIII, I am
Anne Boleyn, m.1533-1536 Children Elizabeth
I Accused of adultery Beheaded
Elizabeth I
15
I am
Jane Seymour m. 1536-1537 Children Edward VI
(ah!) Dies in childbirth
16
Im Henry the VIII, I am. . .

• Anne of Cleves
• m. 1537
• annulled
• (i.e.--- divorced)

17
Henry the VIII, I am. . .

• Catherine Howard
• m. 1540-1542
• Accused of adultery
• Beheaded!

18
Im Henry the VIII, I am. . .
Katherine Parr m. 1543-1547 Survives!!! Henry
dies!
19
back to our story

• Edward VI 1547-1553
• 9 years old sickly so Archbishop Thomas
  Cranmer (Prot) rules
• English Church became more Protestant
• Book of Common Prayer, 1549 (Revised 1553)
• 42 Articles, 1551 --- repeals 6 Articles
• Calvinist ideas on the rise / Clergy marry
• But then..
• 1553 Edward dies Who will rule England???

20
But then what happened?

• Mary Tudor (daughter of Catherine)
• 1553-1558
• Marries Philip II of Spain (Charlies son)
• Tries to bring England back to Rome!
• Called Bloody Mary for executing Cranmer,
  Latimer and 300 other Protestants

21
Queen Elizabeth I 1558-1603

• Diplomacy middle line between Puritans /
  Catholic
• Elizabethan Settlement outward conformity or
  fine (or death for Catholics)
• Act of Supremacy, 1559
• Repealed Pro-Catholic laws
• Act of Uniformity, 1559
• Modified version of Book of Common Prayer
• 39 Articles, 1563
• Defined the teachings of Anglican Church

22
Queen Elizabeth I 1558-1603

• Challenges
• Protestants called Puritans
• Duke of Norfolks revolt, 1569 executed
• Mary Queen of Scots
• Accused of plots vs. Eliz. 1567-1587 executed
• Philip II of Spain
• Spanish Armada, 1588