Age of Exploration

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Age of Exploration
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Exploration Quiz

• 1. List 2 reasons that people began to explore
  new areas.2. True/False. One motive for
  exploration was religious zeal, people wanted to
  spread their religions to new areas.
• Vasco Da Gama Amerigo Vespucci
• Hernando Cortez Treaty of Tordesillas
• Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Francisco Pizarro
• Christopher Columbus Triangular Trade Route
• 3. ____ This explorer was the first to sail
  around the tip of Africa, to get to Asia.
• 4. ____ This involved the trade of rum, slaves,
  and manufactured goods between Europe, Africa,
  and the Americas.
• 5. ____ This treaty divided newly explored
  territories between Spain and Portugal.
• 6. ____ This man discovered South America,
  therefore the continents of North/South America
  are named in his honor.
• 7. ____ This conquistador conquered the Incas.
• 8. ____This explorer discovered the Bahamas and
  Hispaniola, although he thought that he had
  reached Asia.
• 9. ____ This caused the population of the
  Americas to rise, while causing the poulation of
  Africa to decline.
• 10. ____ This conquistador conquered the Aztecs.

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Means of Exploration

• Europeans had been attracted to Asia
• They wanted spices of the East
• Had hopes of finding precious metals
• Religious zeal
• New technology

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Reasons For Exploration

• In search for spices and profits
• Asia crusades more interest in Asia
• The White Mans Burden the desire to spread
  Christianity
• Ability/need to use technology
• Mapmaking
• Navigation equipment
• New ships Caravel
• Ships with triangular sails and pulleys

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The Rise of Portugal's Trading Empire

• Portugal began to trade in 1420.
• 1488 Bartholomew Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope
  (Africa) opening new trade routs
• Vasco da Gama leaves in May of 1498 sails around
  cape of Good Hope and brought back goods/spices.
• Admiral Afonso de Albuquerque sails into Melaka
  in search for the center of spice trade it was
  found.
• In the Spice Islands a treaty was signed stating
  that the spice trade was in control of the
  Portuguese.

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Vasco Da Gama

• Vasco Da Gama sails around Africa (Cape of Good
  Hope) into the Indian Ocean and then into India.
• He sails in search of more spice trading ports

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Columbus

• An Italian who sails for Spain
• Three trips were financed by Ferdinand and
  Isabella
• Columbus thought the area he discovered was India
  but it was actually Hispanola

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Columbus Voyages to America

• Was not the first to discover America
• Founded the Bahamas in 1492
• Columbus discovered Hispaniola in 1493 thought
  it was India.
• Columbus sailed to central America in 1502

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Columbus Voyages in order
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Treaty of Tordesillas

• Signed at Tordesillas on June 7, 1494
  Demarcation line east of Pope Alexanders line
• Divided Europe into the Spanish and Portuguese
• Lands to the east Portuguese and west Spain

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John Cabot

• Sailed to Newfoundland, Cape Breton Island
• Explored Canadian coastline
• Worked to discover Northwest Passage
• Mapped North America coast line from Nova Scotia
  to Newfoundland

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Amerigo Vespucci

• Italian
• Sails for Spain and Portugal
• First to realize America was a separate continent
  from Asia
• Discovered the mouth of the Amazon and Orinoco
  Rivers in South America
• The Americas are named after him

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The Arrival of Spanish in Americas

• It took Hernando Cortes three years to take over
  Aztec Empire
• 1550 Spain gained control of Northern Mexico
• Francisco Pizarro took control of the Inca Empire
  
• Within thirty years the western part of Latin
  America was under Spanish control

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Conquistadors

• Spanish fortune hunters
• Hernando Cortes
• Destroyed Aztec empire
• Francisco Pizarro
• Destroys Inca civilization

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Columbian Exchange

• Eastern and Western Hemispheres began to trade.
• Began when Christopher Columbus made his first
  voyage to America
• A wide term used to explain the widespread
  exchange of plants, animals, foods, and human
  populations.

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Ferdinand Magellan

• Led his first exploration to circum navigate the
  globe
• Dies near Philippines but part of expedition
  survives

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Competition and Economic Impact

• Longed for Gold and Silver
• Colonists established plantations and ranches to
  raise sugar, cotton, vanilla, and livestock.
• Americas natural resources were shipped to
  Europe.

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Mercantilism

• Economic system based on favorable balance of
  trade export gt imports.
• Countrys government should do all it could to
  increase nations wealth
• Measured by amount of gold and silver in its
  possession
• Wealth seen to be fixed on a world wide basis
• Only way to gain wealth was to take it from some
  other country

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Slave Trade

• Slave Trade A explorer sails across the ocean
  to trade slaves fro other goods.
• Slave Trade began in 1452
• Pope Nicholas V issued the papal bull Dum
  Diversas which allowed Afonso V of Portugal to
  begin slave trade.

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Middle Passage

• The forced transportation of African people from
  Africa to the new world.
• Middle portion of the Triangular Trade
• Route was as follows
• Europe
• Africa
• Americas
• Back to Europe . . . etc.

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Triangular Trade Route

• A historical term indicating trade between 3
  ports or regions.
• Involved exports and imports
• Exports goods being shipped out
• Imports goods being brought in
• Sugar, tobacco, and cotton to Europe.
• Textiles, rum, and manufactured goods to Africa.
• Slaves to the Americas.

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Effects of Slave Trade

• Brought Africans into the Americas
• Population grew in the Americas and shrank in
  Africa
• Because of more slaves more cotton was grown
  therefore more slaves were able to be traded.
• All countries/continents involved in the slave
  trade benefited because they were able to gain
  goods they did not possess before.

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New/ Changing Political Systems

• Political system - a system of politics and
  government.
• Southeast Asian states evolved into 4 types of
  monarchy
• Buddhist kings chief form of government
• Javanese kings rooted in the political
  traditions of India
• Islamic sultans found in the Malay Peninsula
• Vietnamese emperors followed the Chinese model

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Arrival of Europeans in Southeast Asia
and the Islands

• 1511 the Europeans seized Melaka and Moluccas.
• Portuguese used to possess the Spice Islands
  Moluccas but they lacked the military and
  financial resources to gain the main areas back.
• They decided to set up small settlements on the
  coast that were used as trading posts

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Bureaucracy of the Era and the Effects of the
Bureaucracy

• Bureaucracy a body of nonselective government
  officials
• Made up of mainly aristocrats
• The people got mad
• Changed to absolutism