Rome

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Rome

• Geography
• Rome began as a small city-state in Italy but
  ended up ruling the entire Mediterranean world.

- Its location allowed for good TRADE
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I. The Roman Republic

• A. Romans hated monarchy (rule by a king)
• B. In 509 BCE- the Roman Republic is established.
• Republic- government leaders are
• elected
• C. Two main social classes
• 1. Patricians
• 2. Plebeians

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• D. Powers are shared
• 1. Senate- Patricians only
• 2. Consuls- Every year, Senators elected two
  consuls to supervise the government and command
  the armies.
• 3. Dictator- elected by the Senate for war
• - six month time limit

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• E. Plebeians demand equality
• 1. Tribunes could veto laws
• 2. Laws of the Twelve Tables (450BCE)
• allowed plebeians to appeal a judgment by
• a patrician judge

- all citizens are innocent until proven
guilty - all citizens are equal under the law -
helped shape Western legal systems
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II. The Punic Wars

• Rome vs. Carthage over TRADE.
• Three Punic Wars Rome wins all!
• Rome won islands
• Hannibal brought elephants over the Alps to
  surprise the Romans. Rome still wins!
• Romans poured salt on Carthage.

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III. Roman Expansion

• A. Roman Military
• 1. Legion- basic unit of the army 5,000
  men
• 2. The army was strong, well-disciplined,
  and loyal.
• 3. Conquered people were required to
• be loyal
• supply soldiers for the army
• pay taxes
• 4. Conquered people were allowed to
• keep their own culture and officials

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IV. The Roman Empire
Rome wasnt built in a day! A. 270 BCE- Rome
conquered the Italian Peninsula B. 44BCE-
Carthage, Greece, Spain, Gaul, parts of
Asia Minor
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• C. Changes in government
• In 48 BCE, Julius Caesar became dictator for
• life
• RESULT ENDED THE REPUBLIC!
• D. Julius Caesar assassinated in 44 BCE on the
• Ides of March (March 15)

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• E. Augustus Octavian became dictator. Took title
  
• of emperor.
• RESULT THE EMPIRE BEGAN
• F. Augustus began the Pax Romana
• (Roman Peace) which lasted 200 years.

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V. Roman Economy

• Expansion of the empire promoted trade
• Mediterranean was a liquid highway
• Army built roads
• All roads lead to Rome.
• D. Good were imported from all over the empire.

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VI. Decline of Rome

• A. Economic Problems
• 1. Cost of defending empire led to too high
  taxes over expansion
• 2. Inflation ( is not worth as much)
  and unemployment

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• B. Political Weakness
• 1. Government became corrupt and ineffective.
• C. Military Decline
• 1. No citizen army.
• 2. Hired mercenaries- paid soldiers that were
  less loyal than Roman citizens

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• D. Divided Empire
• 1. Emperor Diocletian divided the empire
• East- capital was Constantinople
• West- capital was Rome

Constantinople
Rome
DIOCLETIAN DIVIDE!
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• E. Foreign Invasions
• 1. Rome under constant attack by nomadic
  tribes
• - Attila the Hun
• - Odoacer ousted the emperor (476 CE)
• RESULT THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE

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