The Cold War

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The Cold War 1940-1961
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The Cold War
The Cold War

• The Cold War was fought between the USA and the
  USSR, (The Union of the Soviet Socialist
  Republic).
• It was a war of ideas that lasted for over 40
  years.

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The Soviets
The Soviets

• Names for the Russian government
• USSR
• CCCP (Central Committee of the Communist Party)
• Kremlin

St. Basils Cathedral above, is within the walls
of the Kremlin.
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The Soviets
The Soviets

• Dissidents people who protested against their
  government. They were often sent to prisons/work
  camps in Siberia.
• Defectors people who were able to leave the
  country and receive asylum in a free country.

Siberian Prisoner work camps sleeping quarters
above.
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The Cold War
The Cold War

• The Big Three met in Yalta to discuss plans for
  ending World War II.
• The Big Three
• Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin.

The Big 3 Above
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The Cold War
The Cold War

• Stalin demanded the E.European nations of Poland,
  Romania, Bulgaria, Austria, Hungary, and
  Czechoslovakia.
• He said it was a buffer zone between the USSR
  and Germany.

Soviet Premiere Joseph Stalin.
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The Cold War
The Cold War

• Countries in Eastern Europe that were controlled
  by the Soviet Union were called Satellite
  nations.

Map above The Democratic West is in Blue and the
Satellite nations and the Soviet Union are in red.
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The Potsdam Conference
The Potsdam Conference

• Germany would be disarmed and its war industries
  dismantled.
• W. Germany would be split between the French,
  British, and the U.S.

Airplane factory in Halle.
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Potsdam Conference
Potsdam Conference

• East Germany would be controlled by the Soviets.
  Berlin was to be divided in the same manner.

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Potsdam Conference
Potsdam Conference

• Each occupying nation would be allowed to collect
  war payments from its zone.

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Nuclear Weapons
Nuclear Weapons

• Aug. 1949 The Soviets tested their first
  nuclear weapons
• US USSR are the only nations with nuclear
  weapons

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Truman Doctrine Containment
Truman Doctrine Containment

• Containment- Truman believed communism should be
  contained within its current borders and not
  allowed to spread to other countries.
• Domino theory- if one country is allowed to
  fall to communism, then others will fall to it
  as well.

In the photo above, Pres. Harry Truman is
laughing over the headline which is incorrect.
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A New Soviet Premiere
A New Soviet Premiere

• Joseph Stalin died in 1953
• Replaced by Nikita Kruschev

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1949-1955 Unite
d States leads the alliance. 11 Democratic
Nations join and pledge mutual defense. Establish
a balance of power against the Soviets.
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• NATO Nations around the globe are pictured in
  blue on this map above.

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The Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact

• The formation of NATO prompted the creation of
  the Warsaw Pact in 1955 a confederation of
  communist nations.
• Ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union.

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The Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact

• Warsaw Pact countries are pictured in red on the
  map above.

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The Iron Curtain
The Iron Curtain
From Stettin in the Baltic to Triests in the
Adriatic an Iron Curtain has descended across the
continent of Europe. Winston Churchill
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The Iron Curtain
The Iron Curtain

• This divided Europe into a free and democratic
  west and a communist east.

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The Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan

• The US sent food, medicine, supplies, and money
  to re-build war-torn Europe.
• The US believed if we did not help them, they
  would be taken over by the Soviets

The red bars represent how much money each
country received from the Marshall Plan.
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The Berlin Airlift
The Berlin Airlift

• The Soviets were trying to take all of Berlin.
• The US and the UK flew supplies to the people of
  Berlin for over 11 months.

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The Berlin Airlift
The Berlin Airlift
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President Eisenhower
President Eisenhower

• Served from 1953-1961.
• Ikes Cold War policy was Brinkmanship and
  Massive Retaliation.
• He supported a military build-up

President Eisenhower.
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Brinkmanship
Brinkmanship

• Brinkmanship- pushing events to the brink of
  disaster, forcing the opponent to back down and
  make concessions

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Space race
Space race
1957

• In 1957, the Soviets launched Sputnik, the first
  satellite in space. This scared Americans and
  prompted more spending on Math and Science
  classes.

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U-2 Spy Plane
U-2 Spy Plane
1961
We will bury you! Nikita Kruschev

• U.S. spy plane was shot down over the Soviet
  Union. This caused Kruschev to call off the
  upcoming Peace Summit.

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End of the 1950's
End of the 1950's

• The Peace Summit was canceled.
• Relations between the US and the USSR were
  strained.
• The Space Race was on.
• Spying increased.