Chapter 31 ~ Fungi

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Chapter 31

• Chapter 31 Fungi

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Fungi

• 1)Eukaryotic
• 2)Heterotrophic by absorption
• (exoenzymes) What does this mean?
• Decomposers /(saprobes), parasites (predators),
• mutualistic symbionts (lichens)

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• Hyphae body filaments
  
• septate (cross walls) allow flow of all between
  cells, like what?
• coenocytic (no cross walls) (continuous
  cytoplasm mass)
• What is the purpose of Hyphae?
• Mycelium (Vegetative nutritionally active)
  network of underground hyphae
• Purpose?
• 3) Chitin cell walls (polysaccharide)(also found
  in insects and arthropods) (Plants use cellulose)

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Evolution Poly or Mono?

• Molecular evidence points to Chytrids as the
  first fungus
• It has enzymes and metabolic pathways similar to
  the fungus like protists (slime molds and water
  molds)

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Reproduction

• Fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually
• May form spores
• Yeast Buding

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Fungi Diversity

• Phy Chytridiomycota aquatic fungi chytrids
  lineage closest to protists
  (flagella)
• Phy Zygomycota Rhizopus (food mold)
  mycorrhizae mutualistic with plant roots
• zygosporangia resistant structure
  (freezing and drying)

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Fungi Diversity

• Phy. Ascomycota
• sac fungi
• yeasts, truffles, morels, Sordaria
  asci sexual spores
  conidia asexual spores
• Phy. Basidiomycota
• club fungus
• mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungus, rusts
  
• basidiocarps produce sexual spores

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Specialized Lifestyles

• Molds
• only the asexual stage (asexual spores)
• Penicillium (antibiotic, cheese)
• Yeasts
• unicellular, asexual budding
• Saccharomyces (bread, alcohol)

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Specialized Lifestyles

• Lichens
  
• symbiotic association held in a hyphae mesh
• Algae or cyanobacteria provides food,
• fungus provides physical environment
• pioneer organisms
• air pollution detection
• Mycorrhizae
• root and fungi mutualism
• found in 95 of vascular plants
  
• exchange of organic minerals
• increases absorptive surface of roots