Phrases

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Phrases Clauses

• Henderson

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Phrases

• A phrase is a group of words that behaves as one
  particular part of speech.
• A phrase CANNOT have a verb AND its subject.

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Phrases

• The following IS a phrase
• My eldest sister was a ballerina.
• The following is NOT a phrase
• My eldest sister was a ballerina.
• The following IS a phrase
• The traveling hockey team made its grand debut in
  Quebec.

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Types of phrases

• The easiest phrase to spot is the prepositional
  phrase.
• Are you going to the mall?
• A prep. phrase begins with a preposition and ends
  with a noun or pronoun.
• That noun/pronoun is called the object of the
  prep.

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Prepositional Phrases

• I competed in the homerun derby.
• Erica refuses to come to the barbeque.
• Prepositional phrases behave like adjectives and
  adverbs.

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Adjective Phrases

• Many kids from the league are signing up for
  indoor soccer.
• My boss at Ritas insisted I work weekends.
• Remember that adjectives modify nouns and
  pronouns.

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Adverb Phrases

• I am not going to the doctors office.
• Lets meet at Varsity Pizza.
• Dont be hanging around the gym all afternoon!
• Remember that adverbs answer questions about the
  verb.

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Remember Verbals?

• Before we move on, recall that participles,
  gerunds, and infinitives are words that look like
  verbs but behave like something else.

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Participial Phrases

• Participles are verbals that act as adjectives.
• A participial phrase consists of a participle
  modifiers.
• The men brawling in the park were apprehended.
• Crying softly, the little boy evoked pity from
  strangers.

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Gerund Phrases

• A gerund is a verbal that behaves like a noun.
• A gerund phrase is a gerund modifiers.
• I cannot master even the simplest baking.
• Bass fishing is not my idea of a good time.

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Infinitive Phrases

• An infinitive is a verbal that behaves like a
  noun, adjective, or adverb.
• An infinitive phrase consists of infinitive
  modifiers.
• To excel in any sport, one must practice.
• I hate to rain on your parade.

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Phrase Practice

• Identify each underlined prep. phrase as an AdjP
  or an AdvP.
• My parents are at the game.
• People from Norway have peaceful elections.
• Wont you put this out of your mind?

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Phrase Practice

• Identify each of the underlined phrases as PartP,
  GerP, or InfP.
• Playing with fire only gets you burned.
• I refuse to be your puppet.
• Screaming his way to obscurity, Howard Dean
  ruined his campaign.

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Phrase practice

• Decide whether each InfP is acting as Adj, Adv,
  or N.
• To be famous is a dream many of us share.
• Encouraged to make a speech, the best man raised
  his glass.
• Our efforts to win money have failed.

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Clauses

• A clause is a bit more complete than a phrase.
• Clauses DO contain a verb and its subject.

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Independent Clauses

• ICs contain a verb, its subject, and can stand
  alone.
• I opened the mail.
• Open the mail.
• Fuzzy Wuzzy was a bear.
• The above are examples of simple sentences.

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Independent Clauses

• Two independent clauses can be combined into one
  sentence, using (,)conjunction.
• I opened the mail, and there was anthrax in my
  cable bill.
• The above is an example of a compound sentence.

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Subordinate Clauses

• Also called dependent clauses, SCs contain a verb
  and its subject but cannot stand alone.
• After the Mongols conquered China

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Subordinate Clauses

• For an SC to complete its thought, it must be
  connected to an IC
• After the Mongols conquered China, they left an
  indelible mark on its culture.

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Subordinate Clauses

• Subordinate clauses usually begin with a
  subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun.
• After, although, because, before, how, since,
  though, until, when, etc.

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Subordinate Clauses

• When an SC is combined with an IC, that sentence
  is called a complex sentence.
• We played miniature golf after we saw the movie.
• Given what you now know, how would you build a
  compound-complex sentence?

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Clause Practice

• Identify the underlined portions as IC or SC.
• Until I hear the story from George, I wont
  believe your rumors.
• I bought a new scarf, but it tore.

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Clause Practice

• Identify each sentence as simple, compound, or
  complex.
• I love strawberry ice cream.
• Although it is fattening, I love strawberry ice
  cream.
• I love strawberry ice cream, but I dont like
  strawberry yogurt.

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The End