Phrases

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Phrases Clauses

• Grammar Unit 2

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Phrase vs. Clause

• Clause group of words that has a subject and a
  verb
• The worlds smallest dog is a Chihuahua.
• Phrase group of words that doesnt have a
  subject AND a verb
• Lives in Kentucky (no subject)
• Only four inches tall (no verb)

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Prepositional Phrases

• a group of words that starts with a preposition
  and then has a couple more words to complete the
  idea
• The cat ran (around the chair) and jumped (into
  my lap.
• The mouse peeked out (of his hole), darted
  (across the floor), and disappeared (under the
  couch.)

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Preposition a word that tells what a cat can do
with a chair

• A cat can be

• A cat can jump

• In the chair
• Under the chair
• Beside the chair
• Near the chair
• By the chair
• With the chair

• Over the chair
• On the chair
• Into the chair
• Off the chair
• From the chair

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More Prepositions

• A can can run

• A cat can be so still that it looks like part

• Around the chair
• To the chair
• Through the legs of the chair

• Of the chair

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Other Prepositions include

• About
• Along
• At
• beyond

• Beneath
• Between
• For
• Like

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Remember

• The subject or verb of a sentence will almost
  NEVER be inside a prepositional phrase.

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Subordinating Conjunctions

• A word that goes at the beginning of a clause and
  makes the clause less powerful or dependent on
  another clause.

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Common Subordinating Conjuctions

• After
• Although
• As
• Because
• Before
• If
• since
• So that
• That
• Though
• Till
• Until
• Unless
• When
• Where
• While

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Independent vs. Dependent Clauses

• Independent Clause has a subject and verb AND
  expresses a complete idea. It may begin with a
  subordinating conjunction, but it IS a finished
  and complete sentence.
• After I ate dinner, I washed the dishes.
• Dependent Clause starts with a subordinating
  conjunction and sounds unfinished.
• After I ate dinner. (What?)

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Identifying Phrases and Clauses

• Step 1 Find the VERB and double underline it.
• If there is NO VERB, you have a PHRASE.
• If there IS A VERB, go to Step 2.
• Step 2 Find the SUBJECT and underline it.
• If there is NO SUBJECT, you have PHRASE.
• If you have a SUBJECT AND A VERB, you have a
  clause go to Step 3 to determine which type.

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• Step 3 Determine whether the CLAUSE is
  INDEPENDENT or DEPENDENT. Look for a
  SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION.
• If there a SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION, underline
  it with a wavy line you have a DEPENDENT CLAUSE.
  
• If there is NO SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION, you
  have an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE.

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Your Assignments

• Complete the Phrases and Clauses Practice
  Worksheet
• Be ready for a quiz on Phrases and Clauses!