ISLAMISMUS%20%20%20%20%20ISLAMISM%20%20%20%20%20Marek%20Cejka

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ISLAMISMUS ISLAMISM Marek Cejka
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Characteristics of Islamism

• REVIVALIST movement and alternative to MODERNITY
  and MODERNISATION in Muslim world
• (signs of modernity secularization,
  derogation of role of Islam, loss of power of
  traditional authorities, NATIONALISM, Western
  influence, imperialism and colonisation, morale
  degradation, corruption, poverty)
• One of its main aims is to lead Muslims back to
  their religious roots and values.
• Islamism is criticizing negative phenomenons
  connected with Modernity and Nationalism and is
  offering its own (Islamic) solutions.
• One of the goal of the Islamist also creation of
  statehood but based on religious (theocratic)
  principles rather than nationalistic
  restoration of caliphate

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RADICAL vs. MODERATE ISLAMISM

• The term Islamism does not automatically mean
  connection with violence or terrorism
• Some Islamist groups are completelly apolitical
• Other Islamists want to combine traditional
  Islamic principles and values together with
  western values (analogy of Christian democracy)
• The most visible Islamist groups in World media
  are those, which use the violence for assertion
  of their ideology RADICAL ISLAMISM

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Typology of Islamism

• Participative/legal (constructive,
  state-building) Islamist movements (e.g. Hizb
  an-Nahda in post-Ben Ali Tunisia, AKP in Turkey)
  
• Radical Islamist/Jihadist movements using
  subversive and violent methods for gaining
  influence and domination of politics in Muslim
  countries/or Muslim World (e.g. Al-Qaeda in
  Islamic Maghreb, Islamic Jihad)
• Non-political Islamist movements (e. g. some Sufi
  orders, some branches of Salafism)
• Hybrid/combined/sui-generis Islamist movements
  they could combine social work, charity etc.
  together with violent methods (Hamas in
  Palestine, Hezbollah in Lebanon e.g.) or they can
  use radical rhetoric without using violence (e.g.
  Hizb ut-Tahrir, some Wahhabi streams)
• This typology was inspired by lecture of Moroccan
  political scientist Yousef Belal at 13th DGAP New
  Faces Conference Democratization and Security in
  the Middle East and North Africa, Istanbul,
  17.20. March 2010

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Moderated Islamists(Participative/Legal Islamism)

• Many Islamist groups are able to participate on
  democracy and even contribute to democratization
  of their countries
• Parties
• AKP (Turkey)
• Party of Justice and Development (Morocco)
• Muslim Brotherhood (Egypt)
• Islamic Action Front (Jordan)

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Branches of Islam
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Umayyad CALIPHATE (661 - 750)
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Hizb ut-Tahrir international movement
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Al-Afghani (18381897)

• Father of modern Islamism
• He called for a return to the original principles
  and ideals of Islam, and for greater unity among
  Islamic peoples.
• al-Afghani argued that this would allow the
  Islamic community to regain its former strength
  against European powers.

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Al-Mawdoodi (1903 1979)

• Indo-Pakistansi theologist,
• philosopher, politician
• founder of political party
• Jamaat e-Islami
• Idea of Islamic state
• Theo-democracy

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Hassan AL-BANNA (19061949)
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MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD in EGYPT (since 1928)
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• Original aim of the Muslim Brotherhood was
  charity
• In Egypt (ruled by secular nationalists who were
  dependent on Britain) was very bad economic and
  social situation
• MB offered alternative and charitable activities
• Popularity of MB grew steadily and they become
  more politicized and radicalized.
• Egyptian political establishment saw MB as an
  rival.
• Conspiration vs. Repression
• Anti-British policies of MB

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Sayyed Kutb (19061966)
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The Milestones (1964)
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Islamic Revolution in Iran - 1979
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Ayatollahs Khomeini and Khamenei
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Export of Iranian Islamic Revolution after 1979

• Hezbollah (1982)

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Assasination of Anwar Sadat 1981Egyptian
Islamic Jihad
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1987 Palestine Hamas
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Abdullah AZZAM
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Mujahideens in Afghanistan
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Ayman Az-Zawahiri and Osama Bin Laden
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TALIBAN and Al-QAEDA
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Knights Under the Prophet's Banner (2001)
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• For more see
• http//blizky-vychod.blogspot.com
• Mareks books
• Judaism and politics in Israel (2002, 2009)
• Israel and Palestine (2005)
• Encyclopedia of the Middle Eastern Terrorism
  (2007)
• Rabbis of our Time (2010, co-author)
• History of Modern Israel (2011)