ANATOMY

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ANATOMY

• Overview of the Respiratory System

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Respiratory

• The respiratory system consists of the lungs and
  air passages.
• This system is responsible for taking in oxygen,
  a gas needed by all body cells, and removing
  carbon dioxide, a gas that is a waste product
  produced by the cells.

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Why we need oxygen

• The body has only a four to six minute supply of
  oxygen. The respiratory system must work
  continuously or death will occur.

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Parts of the system

• The parts of the respiratory include the nose,
  pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

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The Nose

• The two nostrils are separated by the nasal
  septum, which divides the nose into two cavities
  called the nares or nasal cavities.

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What the Nose Do?

• The function of the nose
• Removal of foreign bodies, either caught by the
  hairs of the nose or the mucous membranes which
  filter out he foreign objects.

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What the nose does

• A rich blood supply in the nares, warms and
  moistens the air.
• Receptors for the olfactory gives us the sense of
  smell.
• The tear ducts from the eye drain into the nose.

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What does the pharynx do?

• Air leaving the nose passes into the pharnx,
  which is commonly called the throat, which is a
  common passageway for food and air.

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Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Sinus cavity Nose Mouth Tongue
Nasaopharynx oropharynx

Laryngpharynx
Pharynx
Epiglottis esophagus
Trachea
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There are three sections to the Pharynx

• The nasopharynx contains the tonsils and adenoids
• The oropharynx opens into the mouth.
• The larynopharynx opens into the larynx.
• Small tubes from the middle ear open into the
  larynopharynx

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Larynx

• The larynx , which is also called the voice box
  is formed of cartilage plates. The largest is the
  thyroid cartilage called the Adams apple.

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Larynx

• The larynx contains two folds which are your
  vocal cords which vibrate to produce sound and
  speech.
• At the end of the larynx is the epiglottis, that
  closes during swallowing which prevents foods
  from entering the respiratory tract.

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Trachea

• The trachea or windpipe carries air to the
  bronchi.
• The rings of the trachea are almost
  noncollapsible which keeps the trachea open
  allowing for air to enter the lungs, but can be
  obstructed by large pieces of food.

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Trachea

• Coughing occurs when the tracheas mucous and
  cilia (hair like structures) move foreign objects
  upward. This is your bodies natural defense
  against choking.

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Bronchi

• The lower end of the trachea is divided into two
  Bronchi. As the bronchi enter the lung, they
  branch off into smaller tubes called bronchioles.
  These end in tiny air sacs called alveoli.

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The lungs

• The lungs are divided into lobes The right lung
  has three lobes and left lung has two lobes.
• Tiny grape like structures call alveoli are
  located in the lungs and are highly elastic.

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Lungs

• A rich supply of blood capillaries surround the
  alveoli allowing the air exchange to occur.
• The lungs are covered by a two layered membrane
  called the pleura.

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Breathing

• The process of breathing is called respiration.
  It involves inspiration ( inhaling of air) and
  expiration ( exhaling air.)
• One inspiration plus one expiration equals one
  respiration.

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The lungs

• The large muscle separating the lungs from the
  abdomen is called the diaphragm. This contracts
  along with the rib muscles and allows air to get
  into the lungs.

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Lungs

• The alveoli expanded with fresh oxygen, exchange
  oxygen for carbon dioxide with the tiny blood
  vessels that surround the alveoli.

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Respirations

• Respirations vary at 14- 22 per minute and are
  controlled by the medulla of the brain.
• Chemical factors and conscious control also
  affect respiration.

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Diseases affecting the respiratory system

• Infections are the most common affliction of the
  respiratory system.
• Pneumonia inflamation of the lungs.
• Upper respiratory Ears, eyes, nose or throat.
  Also called URIs
• Emphysema loss of elasticity of alveoli causing
  air to be trapped.
• Asthma causes spasms of the bronchi
• Cancers abnormal cell growth

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Your Lungs

• NormL Chest X ray
• Abnormal x-ray

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Respiratory vocabulary

• Respiratory Medical Terms
• anoxia (ah-NOCK-see-ah) without oxygen.
• apnea ( AP-nee-ah) temporary cessation of
  breathing.
• bradypnea (brad-ihp-NEE-ah) abnormal slow
  breathing.
• Cheyne-stokes respiration (chayn-stohks) periods
  of apnea lasting 10 to 60 seconds.
• dyspnea (disp-nee-ah) difficulty with breathing
  or labored breathing.
• epistaxis (ep-ih-stack-sis) nose bleed.
• hyperpnea ( high-perp-NEE- ah) an increased
  respiratory rate, or breathing that is deeper.
• hypoxia ( high-POCK-see-ah) defeciency of oxygen.
• rhinorrhea (rye-noh-REE-ah) thin watery discharge
  from the nose.
• tachypnea ( tack-ihp-NEE- ah) abnormal rapid
  respirations.