Nationalism, Industrialization and Imperialism

1
Unit 9 Nationalism, Industrialization and
Imperialism
Congress of Vienna Nationalism Unification of
Germany Italy Industrialization Thursday
Industrialization Introduction to Imperialism
Imperialism
2
The Restoration of Europe
The period from 1789-1815 in Europe was first
dominated by the French Revolution and later by
Napoleon. There was widespread death, damage,
and destruction on the continent. Ruling
families were driven from their thrones. When
Napoleon was finally defeated in 1814 at Leipzig,
the victors made plans to resolve the problems
caused by the Napoleonic Wars and restore Europe
to its pre-revolutionary condition. However,
several major political and ideological forces
had also emerged during this period and would
shape the future of Europe for the next century.
They were Nationalism, Liberalism, Conservatism
and Radicalism
3
Nationalism and Political Philosophies Following
the Napoleonic Era
Nationalism - Patriotism and loyalty toward ones
country rather than its leader. Conservatism -
Political philosophy aimed at restoring the old
Europe. Dominated by extremists known as
Reactionaries who opposed all change and wanted a
return to absolutism. Liberalism - The belief
that all people should be represented in
government by elected legislature and that laws
should protect individual rights of
people. Radicalism Wanted an end to monarchies
and full voting rights for all people.
4
The Congress of Vienna 1814-1815
In 1814, following the defeat of Napoleon and his
exile to Elba, the victorious Fourth Coalition
convened a major conference in Vienna, Austria to
resolve the problems caused by the years of
turmoil. The conference, known as The Congress
of Vienna, lasted 9 months and was interrupted
temporarily by Napoleons escape from Elba.
Over 700 European delegates attended the
Congress but it was dominated by the four major
powers that defeated Napoleon. They were
England, Russia, Austria, and Prussia. France
was also represented, but could not vote. These
countries were known as the Big Five
5
The Congress of Vienna

• The Congress was dominated by Austrian Prince
  Klemens von Metternich, a forceful
• and influential diplomat and a strong
  reactionary.
• Because of his influence the Congress was a
  victory for conservatives throughout Europe

6
Goals of the Congress
Legitimacy - Restored all former ruling families
to their thrones. Balance of Power - The leaders
wanted to ensure that no one country could ever
again dominate Europe. They wanted to punish
France but not destroy it. The countries
surrounding France were strengthened, but France
was allowed to keep its own government and
army. Containment and Compensation - The major
countries which defeated Napoleon were
compensated with territorial rights and new
nations were created to contain France.
7
Containment and Compensation

• Russia - Received Finland and most of Poland
• Prussia - Received Western Poland and German
  territories along the Rhine River
• Britain - Received several overseas colonies
• Austria - Received Lombardy and Venetia in Italy
• Kingdom of the Netherlands - Dutch Netherlands
  combined with the Austrian Netherlands
• German Confederation - The Confederation of the
  Rhine was abolished and the 100 German states
  were combined into 39
• France - Stripped of its conquests and borders
  reset to 1790. Had to pay indemnities but treated
  fairly as a whole

8
Europe under Napoleon Prior to 1815
9
Europe after the Congress of Vienna - 1815
10
Europe Before and After Napoleon
Europe under Napoleon Prior to 1815
Europe after the Congress of Vienna - 1815
11
Concert of Europe
This series of alliances to insure that the
nations would help one another if revolutions
broke out. For thirty years censorship and
military force suppressed Nationalism and
Liberalism
The Holy Alliance
An alliance of Prussia, Austria, and Russia was
formed to combat the forces of revolution with
Christian principles.
12

• Two Problems created by the Congress of Vienna
• Ignored the power and forces of Nationalism
• Prevented the unification of Germany and Italy