Colonizing America

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Colonizing America

• Jamestown and the Pilgrims

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Standard and EQ

• Standard 1 A and B
• Objective Student should be able to explain how
  Jamestown and Plymouth colony developed and
  thrived.

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Who were the 1st Settlers and what were their
motivations

• Jamestown
• Va Company Joint stock company funded by
  investors and King James
• Motivation making BANK

• Plymouth bay
• Seperatists
• Motivation Religious Freedom

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What was the first settlement attempted in the
USA?

• 1. Roanoke unsuccessful colony founded in the
  OBX region of NC
• Sir Walter Raleigh attempted settlement twice but
  failed
• 1st time settlers starved
• 2nd time Croatoan was carved in a tree and
  everyone had disappeared!
• Web link to site with an explanation for the
  disappearance of the settlers

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Which came first?

• Jamestown or Plymouth?
• Jamestown 1607 Plymouth 1620
• What were the different motives of the Plymouth
  and Jamestown settlers?
• Jamestown joint stock company
• Plymouth founded on religious freedom and
  funded by men wishing to spread their religion to
  the new world

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Jamestown - 1608
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Jamestown contd.

• Problems of the location
• (As quoted from Wikipedia) It soon became
  apparent why the Native Americans did not occupy
  the site, and the inhospitable conditions
  severely challenged the settlers. Jamestown
  Island is a swampy area, and furthermore, it was
  isolated from most potential hunting game such as
  deer and bears which like to forage over much
  larger areas. The settlers quickly hunted and
  killed off all the large and smaller game that
  was to be found on the tiny peninsula. The low,
  marshy area was infested with mosquitoes, other
  airborne pests and the brackish water of the
  tidal James River was not a good source of
  drinking water.
• The settlers who came over on the initial three
  ships were not well-equipped for the life they
  found in Jamestown. In addition to the
  "gentlemen", who were not accustomed to manual or
  skilled labor, they consisted mainly of English
  farmers and "Eight Dutchmen and Poles" hired in
  Royal Prussia.6 Many suffered from saltwater
  poisoning which led to infection, fevers and
  dysentery. As a result of these conditions, most
  of the early settlers died of disease and
  starvation

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Jamestown

• Structure
• Physical Triangular fort with high walls.
• Governing structure
• Led by a council with 3 Presidents and the ship
  captains who made the decisions for the settlers.
• Ultimately, John Smith (3rd Pres.) becomes most
  important person

Original fort sketch
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Relations with Powhatan indians

• Local Indians near Jamestown
• During a hunting party in 1608 John Smith is
  captured by the Powhatans.
• All of the hunting party is executed except for
  Smith who is saved by Pochohontas
• Smith is released and for a year the two sides
  live in relative harmony

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Powhatan wars

• Smith is injured and returns to London in late
  1609.
• 1609 starving time Crops are scarce amongst
  the settlers and Indians.
• John Ratcliffe (new leader) is invited to discuss
  situation with Powhatan.
• When discussing fight breaks out and all settlers
  are killed.
• Leads to the wars.

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War contd.

• Newly appointed governor Thomas West, 3rd Baron
  De La Warr (Lord Delaware) arrived from England
  in Jamestown in June 1610. Delaware introduced
  "Irish Tactics", where his troops raided Indian
  villages, burned houses, confiscated provisions,
  and torched cornfields. However, the Indian
  Pamunkey warriors, led by Opechancanough
  counter-attacked defending their own land, and
  laid siege to the fort at Jamestown. He and his
  warriors nearly succeeded in driving the English
  out of the Jamestown area.
• A peace settlement ended the war in 1614, and it
  was sealed by the marriage of Pocahontas to the
  colonist John Rolfe. This was the first known
  inter-racial union in Virginia, and helped usher
  in a brief period of better relations between the
  Indians and the newcomers.
• (www.wikipedia.com)

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Pressure from VA. Company

• During the first couple of years, the company is
  pressuring Jamestown for profit and riches.
• Jamestown is highly unsuccessful until 1614 when
  John Rolfe successfully cultivates tobacco!
• Tobacco becomes a hit in England and leads to a
  mass migration to the new world to grow the cash
  crop.
• By 1619 the first slaves are seen in Jamestown
  tobacco farmers

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House of Burgess

• To organize the mass migration of people and to
  better oversee the thriving colony, a structured
  government was put in place.
• 1st meeting was in 1619 with 22 members.
• In 1624 it was setup to allow 2 representative
  from each county and representatives from certain
  cities.

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Later problems of Jamestown and the Virginia
colony

• Bacons rebellion as more people spread to
  America the colony grew until it infringed on
  Indian land.
• Indians and farmers fought
• The house of burgess would not use the military
  to assist colonist.
• Colonist took matters into their own hands until
  they eventually attempted to overthrow the gov.
  (More to this story)
• The rebellion was put down, and rebels were tried.

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Plymouth bay colony

• Founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims
• Traveled on the Mayflower
• All travelers signed the Mayflower compact(you
  need to know details about this)
• What do you think the impact of the Mayflower
  compact was?

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Pilgrim motivation

• The Pilgrims were actually separatists, not
  Puritains. (wanted to separate from the church
  of England and start their own church)
• Pilgrims had moved from England to the
  Netherlands, to the new land.
• In Europe, the seperatists were being arrested
  and their privacy had been invaded with home
  raids, etc

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Setup of Pilgrim society

• Governed by a hybrid of Biblical law and English
  law.
• Governor was head and was elected and had 7
  assistants appointed to be his cabinet. (They
  were responsible for publishing announcements,
  performing land surveys, carrying out executions,
  and a host of other duties) www.wikipedia.com

Original pilgrim bible
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William Bradford

• Bradford was the first leader of Plymouth.

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John Winthrop

• Mass. Bay colony
• Winthrop created a vision for the colony called
  City on a hill
• Concept To be a shining example for the whole
  world to see that a society can be religiously
  faithful yet economically prosperous and moral

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Setup contd.

• General court was elected and made laws and
  carried out judicial duties.
• Published the book of laws in 1636
• Later as the colony expands, towns have
  gatherings called town meetings to discuss
  their problems

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Beliefs

• Church is the most important institution in their
  society.
• Believe in the supernatural (witches)
• Salem Witch trials Witches sent by devil to
  corrupt the society
• Great Salem Witch Trials website

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Beliefs contd.

• Only church followers and believers could have
  voting rights and political authority.
• Passed the HALFWAY COVENANT in 1662 which
  states you can be part of the church if your
  parents are baptized members.

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Relations with the Native Americans

• The PEQUOT WAR - 1636
• King Phillip's war - 1675

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King Phillips war

• 1. King Phillip was an Indian chief named
  Metacom
• 2. Metacom had double agent indian spy who
  worked for both him and the Plymouth colony
• 3. Spy indian told of a coming attack and the
  Plymouth colonist sought out Metacoms advisor and
  killed them, thus tipping off a bloddy war.

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Formation of Rhode Island

• Roger Williams was a seperatist who got into
  entaglements with the Puritain church due to his
  dispute that Puritain people did not have a
  divine right to Native American lands.
• Williams fled to Rhode Island in 1636 and setup a
  colony that would separate church and state as
  well as allow complete religious freedom.

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Lessons learned form this PPT

• Founding Fathers incorporated the following
  traditions into our Constitution
• 1. Jamestown
• Capitalistic economy
• Representative Gov.
• 2. Plymouth
• Freedom of the people
• 3. Mass. Bay colony
• Religious piety and Capitalism can coexist
• 4. Rhode Island
• Protect Religious freedom from Gov. interference