Body Planes, Directions, and Cavities

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Body Planes, Directions, and Cavities
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Body Planes

• Imaginary lines drawn through the body to
  separate the body into sections

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Transverse Plane

• A horizontal plane dividing the body into a top
  and bottom half
• Superior body parts above others
• Inferior body parts below others

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Median/(Mid)Sagittal Plane

• Divides the body into right and left sides
• Medial body parts located near the
  middle/midline of the body
• Lateral body parts located away from the
  middle/midline of the body

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Frontal/Coronal Plane

• Divides the body into front and back sections
• Anterior (Ventral) body parts on the front of
  the body
• Posterior (Dorsal) body parts on the back of
  the body

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Additional Directional Terms

• Superficial towards the surface
• Deep internal
• Proximal body parts closer to the point of
  reference (where the limb joins the body)
• Distal body parts farther from the point of
  reference (where the limb joins the body)
• Proximal and distal are only used when
  referring to the limbs

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Body Cavities

• Spaces within the body which contain vital organs
• Dorsal Body Cavity
• Cranial cavity
• Spinal cavity
• Ventral Body Cavity
• Thoracic cavity
• Diaphragmdome-shaped muscle that aids in
  breathing and separates the thoracic and
  abdominopelvic cavities
• Abdominopelvic cavity

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Dorsal Body Cavity

• Cranial Cavity
• Contains the brain
• Spinal Cavity
• Contains the spinal cord

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Ventral Body Cavity

• Thoracic Cavity
• Pleural cavity contains the lungs
• Pericardial cavity contains the heart
• Mediastinum central region that separates the
  lungs sits between the sternum and the vertebral
  column

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Ventral Body Cavity (ctd.)

• Abdominopelvic cavity
• Abdominal cavity upper part contains the
  stomach, small intestines, most of the large
  intestines (except colon and rectum), liver,
  gallbladder, pancreas and spleen
• Pelvic cavity lower part contains the urinary
  bladder, reproductive organs, and the last part
  of the large intestine (colon and rectum)

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Abdominal Regions and Quadrants