Body Cavities

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Body Cavities

• 2 major cavities
• Ventral cavities
• Dorsal cavities
• Other cavities oral, nasal, orbital, middle ear,
  synovial

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Dorsal Cavity

• Posterior region of body
• 2 regions
• Cranial cavity (skull) supports and protects
  brain
• Vertebral (spinal) Cavity supports and protects
  spinal cord

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Ventral Cavities

• Anterior region of trunk
• Serosa thin membrane that covers the wall of
  cavity and outer surface of its organs
• Parietal serosa lines cavity wall
• Visceral serosa covers organ

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Ventral Cavities cont.

• 2 regions
• 1)Thoracic cavity subdivided
• contains lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus,
  thymus, lymph nodes
• Region between lungs mediastinum

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Ventral Cavities cont.

• 2 regions
• 2)Abdominopelvic cavity subdivided
• A) Abdominal cavity superior portion of
  abdominopelvic cavity
• Stomach, intestine, spleen, liver
• B) Pelvic cavityinferior to abdominal cavity
  bladder, reproductive organs, rectum
• Serosa is called peritoneum

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Other Cavities (Smaller Cavities)

• Oral teeth tongue
• Nasal within nose left and right side divided
  by nasal septum
• Orbital contains eyes associated muscles and
  nerves
• Middle ear contains ossicles (ear bones)

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Planes of Section
Transverse Section
Coronal Section
Sagittal Section
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Transverse Section (Plane)(Cross-Section)

• Runs horizontally at right angle to the vertical
  axis
• It divides the structure into superior and
  inferior regions

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Sagittal Section (Plane)

• Runs longitudinally (lengthwise) and divides the
  body into left and right regions
• Midsagittal (median section) cut is made down
  the median plane of body and left and right parts
  are equal in size

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Coronal (Frontal) Section (Plane)

• Runs longitudinally but at a right angle to
  sagittal plane
• It divides the body into anterior and posterior
  regions

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Directional Terms
Term Definition Example
Superior Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body above Forehead is superior to the nose
Inferior (Caudal) Away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure or the body below Stomach is inferior to the heart
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Directional Terms
Term Definition Example
Anterior (Ventral) Toward or at the front of the body in front of Sternum is anterior to spine
Posterior (dorsal) Toward or at the backside of the body behind Heart is posterior to the sternum
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Directional Terms
Term Definition Example
Medial Toward or at the midline of the body on the inner side Heart is medial to the arm
Lateral Away from the midline of the body on the outer side Arms are lateral to the chest
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Directional Terms
Term Definition Example
Intermediate Between a more medial and more lateral structure The armpit is intermediate between the sternum shoulder
Proximal Close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk Elbow is proximal to the wrist
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Directional Terms
Term Definition Example
Distal Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk knee is distal to the thigh
Superficial Toward or at the body surface Skin is superficial to the skeleton
Deep Away from the body surface, more internal Lungs are deep to the rib cage
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Anatomy

• Study of structure of the body relationship of
  its parts
• Subdivisions
• Gross Anatomy study of anatomic structures
  visible to unaided eye
• Descriptive Anatomy study of individual body
  parts in an ordered fashion. i.e. nervous system
• Regional Anatomy study of limited portions or
  region of the body. i.e. head neck region

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Anatomy Subdivisions cont.

• Applied Anatomy application of anatomic findings
  to diagnosis treatment of medical disorders
• Comparative Anatomy comparison of the structure
  of different animals and plants
• Pathologic Anatomy study of abnormal, diseased
  or injured tissue

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Anatomy Subdivisions cont.

• Microanatomy study of anatomic structures using
  a microscope
• Cytology study of cellular structure
• Molecular biology study of structures at
  subcellular level
• Histology microscopic study of tissues

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Anatomy subdivisions cont.

• Developmental Anatomy Study of structural
  changes from conception
• 2 subdivisions
• Embryology study of developmental changes before
  birth
• Gerontology study of structural changes that
  accompany aging

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Cell Diversity
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