FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA

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• FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA
• MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE (MoA)

PRODUCTIVE SAFETY NET PROGRAM PUBLIC WORKS
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• PSNP Design Process Facts
• Chronic food insecurity has been a noticeable
  feature of rural Ethiopia in the past years,
• The reasons for chronic poverty and CFI in the
  country are
• Dramatic variations in the climate(RF)
• Repeated environmental shocks
• Poor farming system-unwise use of land forest
  resources
• Subsistence farming on small fragmented plots of
  degraded land,
• For a long time the response to CFI problem had
  been emergency food aid through an emergency
  appeals approach (emergency relief).

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• The emergency relief approach had limited
  effectiveness at protecting productive assets
  and mitigating drought shocks.
• There was an urgent need to look for an approach
  that would give sustainable and long-term
  solution to the problem (by the GOE donors)
• In 2005, the strategy of distributing food aid in
  CFI areas is revised (Emergency appeals were
  replaced with a standing safety net programme
  The PSNP as a response to the situation.

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Objective of PSNP

• To provide transfers to the food insecure
  households in chronically food insecure woredas
  in a way that prevents asset depletion at the
  household level and creates asset at the
  community level.

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PSNP Components

• Direct Support
• Ensure supports to households who lack
  labour, have no other means of support, and who
  are chronically food insecure
• 2. Public Works
• Able bodied households targeted for PSNP
  will participate in PW ,and they will be paid for
  their labor spent in PWs

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Area Coverage

• Covers food insecure woredas/districts in
  drought prone areas
• - 8 regions
• - 319 woredas/districts
• Covers chronically food insecure households
• - recently gt Five million
• beneficiaries

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Targeting

• Targeting is the process by which chronically
  food insecure households are selected to
  participate in public works or receive direct
  support.
• PSNP combines administrative and community based
  targeting approaches

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• Administrative targeting encompasses determining
  the number of PSNP clients in a specific
  geographic settings.
• Community based approaches is used for the
  identification of HHs by the community FSTF ,
  and the verification of clients in a public
  meeting in which the entire PSNP client list is
  read out and discussed

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Targeting criteria and process

• The household should be the member of that
  community
• The HH should be CFI who faced continuous food
  shortage for at least 3 consecutive years or
  above , and
• HH who suddenly become more food insecure as a
  result of a severe loss of assets and are
  therefore unable to meet their food needs

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PSNP resources

• Cash Food
• Follows cash first principle
• Transfer size Wage rate equivalent to 3 kg of
  grain per day/person for 5 days a Month, for 6
  months/ year.
• Preference of beneficiaries

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Type and amount of transfer

• Transfers are provided to households on a monthly
  basis for six consecutive months.
• All PSNP beneficiaries receive the same transfer
  regardless of whether they participate in Public
  Works or Direct Support
• The cash and food transfers are set at the level
  required to smooth household consumption or fill
  the food gap
• Households are provided transfers of cash, food,
  or a temporal mix of both resources.
• The mix of cash and food resources tends to be
  used in a way that addresses the seasonal rise in
  food prices

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Public works

• Public works are labour-intensive community-based
  sub-projects designed to address the underlying
  causes of chronic food insecurity through the
  provision of employment for chronically food
  insecure people who have labour.

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Principles of PSNP PWs

• Labor based
• Participation
• Predictability
• Proximity
• Integration
• Water shade approach
• Follows ESMF guideloine

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• Major Public Works Activities
• - Soil and water conservation
  activities
• - SSI
• - Water harvesting schemes
• - Water supply schemes
• - Afforestation
• - Infrastructure development , and
• - Construction of social services

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Main achievements of PSNP

• The PSNP has demonstrated the value of a shift
  away from a humanitarian response to more
  development oriented approach in addressing food
  gap.
• More than seven million people have received PSNP
  transfers enabling them to meet their consumption
  needs, reducing the risk they faced and providing
  them with alternative options to protect selling
  of productive asset

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• So far measurable changes have been recorded in
  the livelihood of the program beneficiaries
  because of the implementation of the Safety net
  program
• Countless worthwhile public work projects have
  been undertaken that have built community
  infrastructure social services and protected the
  natural environment

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• PSNP public works have led to important
  improvements in rural infrastructure and
  watershed development.
• PSNP public works participants have constructed
  over 39,000 km of road and maintained an
  additional 83,000 km, thereby linking rural
  communities to small towns where they can access
  inputs, markets, and services.

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• Public works have also contributed to improved
  access to education and health services through
  the construction of over 5,000 health posts and
  construction/rehabilitation of 4,300 school rooms

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• In terms of watershed development, PSNP
  participants have constructed 600,000 km of soil
  and stone bunds, which enhance water retention
  and reducing soil and water run-off and
  protected 644,000 ha of land in area enclosures,
  which increases soil fertility and carbon
  sequestration.

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• Moreover, public works have supported livelihoods
  through the development of water infrastructure
  for household and agricultural use through the
  construction or rehabilitation of over 208,000
  ponds, the development of 8,100 springs, the
  construction of over 55,000 hand-dug wells, and
  the construction or rehabilitation of 8,300 km of
  canals.

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• PSNP has a large contribution to climate change
  adaptation. PSNP is building resilience and
  raising production within rain-fed agriculture.
  Through its watershed rehabilitation activities
  it is restoring local aquifers and springs as
  well as enabling the restoration of degraded
  lands.

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Graduation

• The ultimate goal of the program is graduation
• A household will be graduate when, in the
  absence of receiving PSNP transfers, it can meet
  its food needs for all 12 months and is able to
  withstand modest shocks.

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Contd..

• Progress towards graduation
• - More than 3.4 million program
• beneficiaries became food self
• sufficient who were food insecure
• in 2006

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Institutional Arrangement

• Sharing of responsibility and co-ordination of
  activities between multiple actors
• NRMD responsible for public works in PSNP
• EWRD responsible for RFM
• AED responsible for HABP
• MoFED is responsible for cash resource management

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Coordination

• Use of country systems, existing GOE structure
• Program is aligned with national priorities
• Avoids parallel implementations structures
• One pooled account and channel for FM
• Agreed performance targets
• MoU to define roles and responsibilities
• Government and donors coordination mechanisms
  (JSOC, JTC, DWGs, DCT, JRIS, RRT, FSTF at
  district and community levels)
• Jointly agreed ME systems (reviews, studies)

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Social Protection Policy of Ethiopia

• The social protection policy document has been
  developed for the country and it is endorsed by
  the council of Ministers .
• Vision
• To see all Ethiopians enjoy social and economic
  wellbeing ,security and social justice

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focus areas of the SP policy

• Promote Social Safety net.
• Employment generation and livelihood promotion.
• Promote social insurance.
• Addressing inequalities of access to social
  services.
• Addressing violence and abuse and providing legal
  protection and support.

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The Social Protection Policy aims

• Protect the poorest citizens from economic and
  social deprivation
• Prevent deprivations that would otherwise result
  from shock
• Promote asset and human capital of poor
  households, boosting their income earning
  potential
• Transform the situation of the most vulnerable
  and powerless , by empowering them and protecting
  them from abuse and exploitation

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Challenges- Capacity- Staff turnover- Delay
in resource transfer- Quality of some of the PW
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Thank You