Renaissance Unit 9

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Renaissance Unit 9
Renaissance
500AD
1500
Middle Ages
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I. Renaissance 1350-1700
What is the Renaissance?

• a. Background- French word for rebirth or revival
• Beginning of the Modern Era (timeline)
• Renewed interest
• Literature- revival in Greek and Roman Classics
  (antiquity)
• Humanism- Philosophy of life, mans appreciation
  of nature
• the life on earth.
• Science-Man looking past the church for answers
• Art- way they did the art

b. Where did it begin and why there?
It began in the territory of Italy.
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1. A lot of trading Trading different ideas
from all ports (center of European trade)
Wealth (Renaissance very expensive,
involved the upper class)
2. Close to Greece, Rome, and Constantinople
3. City-state system stimulated competition
c. Inventions help end the Medieval Times

• 1. Johann Gutenburg
• 1454 invented Printing Press or movable type
• increase the volume of material
• decrease copying errors
• reduce the costs of books
• The printing press had a major impact on the
• spread of the Renaissance.

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2. Gunpowder, probably brought from China, meant
the end of the feudal castle, and increased
the ability of the King to wage war against
feudal lords.
3. Compass, brought from China through Spain,
plus geographical knowledge gained from Arab
cartographers made possible the discovery of
the new world during the 1500s.
d. How did the Church feel about the Renaissance?

• Church still strong in Italy
• Church had beliefs and did not want to change
• Did not want them to believe in new Science
  (Astronomy)
• Churches believes were around for 1000 years
• Many scientists were forced to keep their
  believes hidden.

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What is the Renaissance all about?
1. Humanism 2. Literature 3. Science
4. Art

• 1. Humanism
• Philosophy of the Renaissance that focused on
  humanity
• life on earth.
• It also stressed the talents of each person
• Huge impact on the Church
• Humanism stressed living fuller lives in this
  world
• do not worry about the afterlife.
• Life at this time was seen as a stopping
• ground before one went to the afterlife.
  
• Humanism asks man to live life to its fullest.
  
• They stressed that there are other things
  important in life and
• you can still be a good Christian.
• It was a Secular (non-religious) movement.

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2. Literature figures

• Petrarch (1304-1374) Father of humanism
• Great poetwrote his Sonnets about Laura
• Talks about earthy love physical beauty
  rather then the glory of God.

b) Boccaccio (1313-1375) Author of the
Decameron- about 10 people trying to escape
the Black plague each telling stories.
Italian vernacular and he criticized the church
c) St. Thomas More (1478-1535) Author who
wrote Utopia He wrote about what the perfect
world should be like by indirectly
criticizing his world. Utopia means perfect
world.
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d) Erasmus (1466-1536) Prince of Humanism
Author of In Praise of Folly- satire, making fun
of superstitions of the clergy and
Christians.
e) Machiavellia (1459-1522) Author of The
Prince- described a govt as it actually
should work. The quality of being a great leader
with the lack of morality. Casare Borgia
was the leader that he pictured. Lorenzo de
Medici was admired by Machiavellia patron
to many artists.
f) Dante (1265-1321) Wrote a poem called the
Divine Comedy which had three smaller poems
in it (Inferno, Purgatory, Paradise) about
Dante going through the after life to find
his love.
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3. The Scientific Revolution
a. What was the Scientific Revolution?
The Scientific Revolution was a movement brought
about by mans desire for new knowledge a
better way of doing things. Previously, man had
accepted as truth the teachings of the Catholic
Church (Dogma) and writings of ancient scholars.
b. Ptolemys ideas church beliefs in Medieval
Times

• Ptolemy was an ancient Greek astronomer that
  believed
• the earth was the center if the universe. He
  said the sun,
• stars, planets traveled around the earth.
  People did not
• conduct experiments or question traditional
  beliefs.
• These ideas were accepted for more then 1500
  years.

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• The Catholic Clergy then used religion to
  justify Ptolemy.
• God made the Universe with the Earth in the
  middle.

• This thinking changed in the 1500 and 1600 as
  people
• began to doubt.
• Their desire for the truth led to careful
  research,
• experimentation, and the important new
  discoveries.
• These truths led to our understanding of the
• universe, nature, and man himself.

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C. Famous Scientists that rocked the world at
this time.

• Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543) of Poland
• Copernicus disputed the Ptolemaic theory.
  He said the
• Earth revolved around the Sun.

2. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) of Germany Kepler
carried Copernicus theory further discovered
that the planets orbit the sun in an oval rather
than circular. Discovered the Laws of Planetary
Motion.
3. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) of Italy In
1609, Galileo built one of the first telescopes,
and confirmed the Copernican theory.
Galileos work threatened existing church
teachings, he was forced to recant by the
Catholic Church.
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4. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) of England Law of
Motion were the same for the earth all other
parts of the universe. Law of
Gravity causes objects to fall to the earth.
Gravity also causes planets to
revolve around the sun
instead of flying off into
space. Law of Inertia an object will remain in
the same place until a
force causes it to move. a
moving object will continue to move
until a force causes it to stop.
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4. Renaissance Art
Differences between Medieval Art and Renaissance
Art
a. Medieval Art -Figures flat and
unstylish -Lacked expression dealt with
Religion (Blank Expression) -Stained
Glass -Statute Columns b. Renaissance
Art -Colors used better, made it look
real -Showed the expressions in the
face -Introduced 3-D perspective -Light and
shading
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Artists of the Renaissance

• Donatello First great sculptor
• David- First actual real
  size nude person
• since antiquity.

• Leonardo Da Vinci
• Last Supper Mona Lisa

• Michelangelo Sculptor, painter, and poet.
• La Pieta
• David (16ft tall)
• Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
• Last Judgment
• Architect- St. Peters Cathedral in Rome

• Raphael
• Portraits of wealthy Merchants
• Leo X, Madonnas School of Athens