Colibacillosis

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Colibacillosis

• F5 group of E.coli
• Pili serogroups K99, K88, F41, 987P, F18.
• ST and LT enterotoxins
• Inadequate colostrum
• Sow agalactia
• Viruses, coccidia

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Clinical signs colibacillosis

• Nursing attempts by littermates
• Diarrhea- non odorous, non bloody
• Shivering, cold
• Piling up
• Dehydration
• Differentiate
• Septicemia
• Clostridium perfringens type C
• Coccidiosis
• Edema disease

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Treatment of colibacillosis

• Intraperitoneal glucose, fluids
• Oral gentamicin, neomycin
• Provide supplemental food
• Feeding neonates
• 10 to 30 of body weight
• Gavage
• Mix whole milk with evaporated milk or cream
• Supplemental solid starter with plasma
• PROVIDE WATER

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Alkaline stool pH (gt7.4)
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Prevention of colibacillosis

• Count teats/piglets-cross foster
• Cull sows with MMA, check sow diets
• Dietary changes
• Vaccinate
• Commercial vaccines
• Autogenous bacterins
• Autocthonous vaccination
• Warmth, hygeine
• Delay iron injections

6
Swine edema disease

• Sudden death or CNS signs in weaned piglets
• Fastest growing pigs
• Sporadic, and then endemic 5 to 45 morbidity
• Etiology - enteric toxemic E. coli
• Bacterium survives in moist crevices, water
  nipples
• High soy protein diet

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Swine edema disease

• E. coli F18 secretes verotoxin VT2e
• Attaches to enterocyte receptors
• Enterocyte receptors unexpressed in sucklers
• Toxin absorbed produces edema
• 5 to 45 case attack rate
• Bacteria survive disinfection

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Edema disease Signs

• Peracute form
• Found Dead
• Swelling around eyes
• Acute form
• Squealing
• Circling or pivoting
• Convulsions
• Normothermic
• Facial and subcutaneous edema
• Diarrhea

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Management of Edema Disease

• 100 mortality- Treatment in ineffective
• Susceptibility of E. coli needed
• Food additive- Tetracycline, Spectinomycin,
  Mecadox
• Increase food fiber, decrease soy protein
• 20 oats in feed
• Autogenous bacterin
• Water based modified live vaccine
• Purchase F18 resistant pigs
• Fumigate, or disinfect with Quaternary ammonium,
  Clorox in waterers

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Transmissible Gastroenteritis(TGE)

• Acute epizootic disease of swine.
• Sows - acute fever, vomition, anorexia and
  agalactia, recovery in 4 to 5 days
• Piglets - Severe intractable diarrhea,
  dehydration.
• Acidic stool pH
• 100 death losses in piglets 0 losses in sows

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TGE Facts

• Etiology Corona virus
• 1 gene different from the respiratory corona
  virus of swine
• Labile at 72 C, stable at freezing
• Well managed herds
• Clinical course 2 to 3 days
• Sows shed virus in milk for up to 2 weeks
• Infection becomes sporadic after initial outbreak

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More on TGE

• Villus denuded, and lactose unabsorbed
• Osmotic diarrhea, shortened intestinal villi
• Immunity due to lactogenic IgA
• Vaccines stimulate IgG
• Birds, mice, rats, dogs, cats, veterinarians feed
  trucks can transmit
• Eliminate with test and eradicate, all in all
  out, MEW or SPF pig facility.

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TGE Lesions

• TGE

Normal
TGE
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Coccidiosis

• Patency early in swine (1 to 3 weeks)
• Isospora suis
• 4 to 5 day life cycle in pigs. Oocysts infective
  by 12 hours in summer
• 20 mortality, sporadic infections
• Check all diarrheas with a fecal flotation

• Amprolium treatment
• Farrowing crate sanitation critical

15
Students

• How would you differentiate
• Colibacillosis from coccidiosis?
• Colibacillosis from edema disease?
• Edema disease from coccidiosis?
• Edema disease from Clostridium perfringens type
  C?

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Clostridium perfringens type C

• Acute diarrhea and deathlt 1week of age 5 to 20
  morbidity
• Infection from dam shortly after birth
• Jejunal proliferation
• Intestinal necrosis
• Fibrinous bloody diarrhea
• Peracute death (100)
• Peritonitis
• Mass medicate with lincomicin or tiamulin
• Vaccinate sows antiserum to piglets

Sharp demarcation
bad
good
ugly
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Ascaris suum (roundworm)

• Thick shelled egg long lived in soil
• Development and 1 molt L2 in egg
• Ingested (native or worm) molts in small
  intestine
• Burrows goes to liver and molts L3
• Migrates to lungs (4 to 6 dy), coughed
• Swallowed, molts 2 x to adults

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Milk spots
Hepatic fibrosis
Lung lesions
Sowschwitz
Adult Ascarids
Normal pig
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Clinical signs ascarids

• Unthrifty
• Cough
• Thumps
• Ascites
• Clay colored stool
• Worms in stool or vomitus
• Colic, obstipation, Jaundice

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Diagnosis and treatment of ascariasis

• Fecal egg count (gt500 epg)
• Necropsy
• Treat L2s with pyrantel
• L3s in liver with fenbendazole
• L3s in lung with FBZ or thiabendazole
• L4s in intestine with ivomec, pyrantel,
  fenbendazole, dichlorvos
• Adults with any of the above plus piperazine

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Prevention ascarids

• Worm and shampoo sows prior to farrowing
• Wean piglets at 3 weeks of age
• Banminth
• Clean pens and pastures Q3 weeks
• Rotate pastures Q 3 weeks

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Trichuris suis

• Extremely common
• Pastured pigs
• 21 day scours (Post pasturing), non patent
  infections, cramping, bloody scours
• Mostly asymptomatic
• Direct life cycle
• Atgard, fenbendazole
• Raise pigs on concrete

23
Swine salmonellosis

• Common among feeder pigs
• Mixed source groups are particularly at risk
• 3 types
• S. typhimurium type B -bloody scours, rectal
  strictures
• S. choleraesuis type C1-bloody scours secondary
  to Hog Cholera
• S. typhisuis type C2 -swine adapted granulomatous
  colitis and pneumonia

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Clinical signs of swine salmonellosis

• Fever, purplish lividity
• Bloody scours
• Acute death
• Rectal stricture
• Pyogranulomatous colitis

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Treatment/management salmonellosis

• Treat with Ceftiofur or Nuflor
• Segregate or euthanize affected pigs
• All in-All out, MEW, SPF, disinfect premises
  with bleach
• Autogenous bacterin
• Pot bellied pigs may be treated with amikacin,
  timentin.

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Lawsonia intracellularis

• Common small intestinal disease (96 herds
  positive)
• Swine, horses, late feeder period
• Syn Proliferative enteropathy, necrotic
  enteritis, regional ileitis, proliferative
  ileitis, proliferative enteritis
• Gram negative, obligate intracellular
  desulfovibrio family

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Lawsonia infection

• Infection at 2-3 wks, prolonged shed, growers
  adults affected, stress related
• Clinical forms
• Johnes like form of chronic wasting,
  hypoalbuminemia, and loose stool
• Acute fevers scours, with or without
  hematochezia. Mortality gt10.
• Fever, anorexia and dark stool in adult swine
• Pathologic lesion thickened intestine PCR test
  diagnostic
• Treat with food tylosin or lincomycin

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Hosepipe gut
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Swine dysentery

• Highly contagious
• Feeders 6 to 8 weeks of age and adults
• Prevalent in California
• Large bowel infection by Serpulina (Brachyspira)
  hyodysenteriae
• Intestinal anaerobes enhance disease

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Swine dysentery

• Serpulina survives in manure 6 to 8 wks _at_lt30F,
  and for 1 to 2 hr gt98F
• In dogs for months, birds, mice, and humans
• In pigs for years
• Clinical signs
• Acute, fever, bloody scours
• Fibrinous casts
• Sepsis, purplish discoloration of the ears
• Exsanguination (15 to 50 mortality)

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Diagnosis swine dysentery

• Cecal scrapings darkfield - spiral shaped
  bacteria
• Victoria Blue R stains of intestinal sections
• Differentiate from Serpulina pilosocoli and S.
  innocens
• 6 Strains of S. hyos.
• Hemolysin and enterotoxin

Pathologic lesions restricted to colon
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Treatment of Swine Dysentery

• Tiamulin
• Mecadox
• Lincomycin
• Virginiamycin
• NOT dimetridazole
• Injection of lincocin for sick pigs
• Drug delayed-enhanced forms of disease

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Control of swine dysentery

• Rodent, dog, bird, cat, human control essential
• Blitz treat (metaphylaxis) herd 30 days
• Shampoo pigs and disinfect with 0.5 Clorox
• Move to new pen
• Fumigate or quaternary ammonium disinfectants

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Gastric ulcers
Pallor

• Feeder pigs and boars
• Cause unknown
• Coffee grounds vomitus
• Scant road ashpalt stool
• Pallor, and depression
• Characteristic blood loss hemogram

Stool
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Intestinal Obstructions

• Peach pits
• Skewers
• Sofa cushion
• Tar paper
• Christmas wrapping
• Dead babies

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Signs of obstructions

• Colic
• Lethargy
• Obstipation
• Vomition
• Anorexia
• Tachycardia