Caryophyllanae and Rosanae I - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Title: Caryophyllanae and Rosanae I


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Caryophyllanae and Rosanae I
Caryophyllanae Portulacaceae Cactaceae Caryophylla
ceae Polygonaceae Rosanae I Saxifragaceae
Crassulaceae Hamamelidaceae
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Portulacaceae -- the purslane family (20/500
nearly cosmopolitan)
Caryophyllanae
Plants flowering, synoecious often with
succulent leaves a few members display obvious
anomalous secondary growth betalains
present Habit mostly herbaceous Leaves usually
opposite, sometimes alternate or all basal,
simple, entire, stipulate or exstipulate often
succulent Inflorescences solitary or cymose
(appearing raceme-like or head-like) Flowers
actinomorphic to slighly zygomorphic, perfect
with two sepals subtending Calyx 2 distinct
sepal-like bracteoles Corolla 5 petals, distinct
or basally connate Androecium stamens as many as
and opposite the petals to twice as many or
numerous, distinct (sometimes fascicled when
numerous) filaments sometimes adnate to petal
bases Gynoecium superior 1 pistil of 2-9
connate carpels 1 locule 2-many ovules, basal
or free- central placentation styles as many as
carpels OR 1 lobed style Fruit capsule, sometimes
circumscissile Floral formula Ca 2 Co 5
A 5-? G 2-9
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Portulacaceae -- comments
Caryophyllanae
Genera Portulaca, Calandrinia, Talinum,
Lewisia, Montia, Claytonia, etc. Comments Some
members, including Portulaca, display C4
photosynthesis and Kranz anatomy. Many members
are cultivated as rock-garden plants and
several of the West Coast members were used as
food sources by Native Americans as well as by
early pioneers. These include the large fleshy
root of Lewisia (Bitter-root, named for Lewis of
Lewis and Clark), and the leaves of Claytonia
perfoliata (miners lettuce). Caution some
species poisonous due to abundance of oxalic acid
(Calandrinia and Portulaca).
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Cactaceae -- the cactus family (20-200/1000-2000
Debatable! (read Zomlefer) xeric, warm parts of
the New World (Rhipsalis an African disjunct) )
Caryophyllanae
Plants flowering, synoecious all with modified
axillary buds, areoles, that bear the leaves
(often reduced to spines), new shoots and
flowers most are succulent betalains
present Habit shrubs, trees, stem-succulents
(stem cylindrical, ribbed or flattened) and
epiphytes Leaves alternate, simple entire, often
highly reduced and cauducous, or absent,
estipulate areoles bear 1-many spines only OR
1-many spines and many glochids (very reduced
spines or scales that have barbed
margins) Inflorescences solitary and emerging
from areoles or bursting through
epidermis Flowers actinomorphic to slightly
zygomorphic, perfect, epigynous showy flowers
with many floral parts, sunken in stem, stamens
sometimes display reflex action, hypanthium
sometimes well-developed Perianth many tepals,
outer spirals sepaloid, inner spirals petaloid
basally connate Androecium many stamens,
distinct, basally adnate to innermost
tepals Gynoecium inferior (sunken in stem) 1
pistil of 2-many connate carpels 1 locule many
ovules, parietal placentation 1 style, usually
hollow, with 2-many stigma lobes (as many as
carpels) Fruit berry, capsule or spiny burr
embryo curved or straight (Floral formula T ?
A ? G ? )
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Cactaceae -- comments
Caryophyllanae
Comments Great group, many commonly cultivated
members including Cereus, Epiphyllum (Orchid
cactus), Mammillaria, Opuntia (Prickly pear,
edible), Rhipsalis, and Schlumbergera (Christmas
cactus). CAM photosynthesis extremely common in
members. The family is typically divided into
subfamilies based on various leaf and stem
characters. The Cactaceae is a New World family,
but there is one disjunct genus, Rhipsalis, that
is found on the west coast of Africa. How do you
think it got there? This could be evidence that
this family as a whole 1) evolved before the
Gondwana continent (Africa, South America, India,
Antarctica) had completely split and this
family died out except in South America and
Africa 2) evolved in South America and was later
dispersed to Africa across the Atlantic
(possibly with the help of humans). Could you
use phylogenetics to try and answer this question?
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Caryophyllaceae-- the pink or carnation family
(66-75/2,000 cosmopolitan with most in
temperate and warm-temperate of Northern
Hemisphere)
Caryophyllanae
Plants flowering, synoecious, with swollen nodes
NO betalains Habit herbs (rarely shrubs) Leaves
opposite and decussate, simple entire, usually
exstipulate Inflorescences cymose or solitary,
usually terminal Flowers actinomorphic, perfect,
hypogynous showy petals often differentiated
into claw and blade, petals often notched at
apex, or pinked, or variously lobed Calyx 5 (4)
sepals distinct or connate Corolla 5 (4) (0)
petals distinct Androecium stamens as many as the
petals to twice as many OR 1-4,
distinct Gynoecium superior 1 pistil of 2-5
connate carpels 1 locule few-many ovules,
free- central placentation OR 1 locule 1 ovule,
basal placentation stigmas and styles as many
as carpels Fruit usually a denticidal capsule or
utricle peripherally curved embryo (Floral
formula Ca 5 Co 5 A 10 G 2-5 )
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Polygonaceae -- the buckwheat family
(30-49/1,000 mostly north temperate)
Caryophyllanae
Plants flowering, synoecious, swollen nodes NO
betalains Habit herbs, shrubs (lianas or
trees) Leaves variable phyllotaxy, simple
entire, stipulate with fused sheathing stipules
forming an ochrea Inflorescences solitary or
often in paniculiform or spike-like
clusters Flowers actinomorphic, perfect,
hypogynous small sometimes subtended by
calyx-like involucre, hypanthium often
present Perianth usually 5 or 6 tepals, distinct
or basally connate Androecium 6-9 stamens,
distinct or basally connate free or filaments
basally adnate to perianth Gynoecium superior 1
pistil of 2-3 connate carpels 1 locule 1 ovule,
basal placentation styles and stigmas as many
as carpels, simple or feathery Fruit triangular
or lenticular achene or small nut often
surrounded by closely appressed inner whorl of
perianth embryo curved or straight (Floral
formula T 5 OR 3 3 A 6-9 G 2-3 )
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Saxifragaceae (s.s.) -- the saxifrage family
(40/700 cosmopolitan, mostly in cool and cold
areas)
Rosanae
Plants flowering, synoecious Habit herbs Leaves
commonly basal, also cauline, palmately lobed
with glandular pubescence, alternate
exstipulate Inflorescence corymb or
raceme Flowers actinomorphic, perfect, hypogynous
or epigynous prominent interstaminal nectary
disk Calyx 5 sepals, connate Corolla 5 petals,
distinct Androecium 8-10 distinct Gynoecium 2
carpels often fused at base, but with two
distinct styles many ovules, axile, marginal or
parietal placentation Fruit follicles with
persistent styles or a capsule Floral formula
Ca 5 Co 5 A 8-10 G 2
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Crassulaceae -- the stonecrop family
(25-37/900-1200 cosmopolitan- though not
Australia or West Pacific Islands) Sedum (stone
crop), Crassula (jade plant), Dudleya,
Cotyledon, Kalanchoe, Echeveria)
Rosanae
Plants flowering, synoecious, usually succulent
with miniature tree-like habit Habit herbs or
shrubs Leaves alternate or opposite, simple,
exstipulate, usually fleshy and
succulent Inflorescences cymose Flowers
actinomorphic, perfect, with hypanthium absent or
well-developed Calyx 4 or 5 sepals,
distinct Corolla 4 or 5 petals, distinct or
connate Androecium stamen number equal to or
twice as many as the petals, distinct Gynoecium
superior usually 4 or 5 carpels, distinct or
weakly connate at base, 1 locule many ovules,
marginal placentation (rarely 1 pistil of 4-5
connate carpels 4-5 locules many ovules, axile
placentation) styles and stigmas as many as
carpels Fruit aggregate of follicles Floral
formula Ca 4-5 Co 4-5 A 4-10 G 4-5

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Hamamelidaceae (s.s.) -- the witch hazel family
(25/80 widely distributed, esp. in eastern Asia
and eastern North America)
Plants flowering, synoecious or monoecious Habit
shrubs or trees Leaves alternate, 2-ranked,
simple, serrate and/or palmately lobed
stipulate Inflorescences terminal or axillary
indeterminate as heads, racemes, or
spikes Flowers actinomorphic (sometimes
zygomorphic), perfect or imperfect, epigynous
Calyx 4-5 (0) sepals, distinct to
connate Corolla 0 (4-5) petals,
distinct Androecium 4 or 5 stamens alternating
with staminodes, or numerous, distinct and
alternate to petals anthers usually opening by
2 flaps Gynoecium inferior to half-inferior 1
pistil of 2 carpels connate usually at the base
1 locule/carpel 1-many ovules/carpel, axile
placentation 2 recurved styles and stigmas Fruit
woody capsule (can appear like a follicle if one
carpel aborts)