The Last Stuarts

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The Last Stuarts

• William, Mary, Ann Defining the
  Constitutional Monarchy, 1688-1714

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Secularizers made Revolution more Palatable

• Isaac Newton, Principia Mathematica Philosophiae
  Naturalis (1687)
• Robert Boyle and Chemistry
• John Locke, Two Treatises on Government (1690)
  Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1694)

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A beautiful mind Isaac Newton (1643-1727)
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Constitutional Settlement

• Bill of Rights (1689)
• Triennial Act (1694)
• Toleration Act (1689)
• Act of Settlement (1701)
• Bank of England (1694)

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Party and Faction

• Whigs versus Tories
• Court versus Country
• Jacobites
• Save for Jacobites, these are persuasions more
  than parties or behaviors

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Politics of the 1690s

• William preferred Tories but they wont support
  War of the League of Augsburg
• William turns to Whig financiers who support the
  war because it earns returns for the Bank of
  England
• William pacifies Ireland at Battle of Boyne
  (1690)
• War on the continent goes less well, but Tr. Of
  Ryswick results in Louis XIVs recognizing
  William III as king of England.

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Political Repurcussionslate 1690s

• Robert Harley and Tories control
  Parliamentdemand peace and retrenchment
• Harley and Tories pass Act of Settlement, with
  proviso that King had to be member of Church of
  Englandslap at William

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Robert Harley (1661-1724)
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Wars of the Spanish Succession

• Fear of Louis XIVs violation of Balance of Power
• Grand Alliance versus Bourbon dynasty
• William III took John Churchill to Europe to get
  support for his leadership
• William Dies
• Anne inherits warher best friend is Churchills
  wife.

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Anne and Spanish Succession War

• Tory triumvirate runs show Churchill runs war
  Harley runs commons, and Sidney Godolphin ran the
  treasury
• Battle of Blenheim (1704) turns war on the
  Continent
• George Rook captured Gibraltar in 1704
• Churchill, now Duke of Marlboro, continues to win
  battlesRamiellies, Undenard, and Mal Placquet.
• Charles Habsburg inherits family landsnow more
  dangerous than Philip V

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Treaty of Utrecht (1713)

• Family compact w/ Bourbons
• England gets Minorca, Acadia, Newfoundland,
  Gibraltar, and Shores of Hudsons Bay
• Gets Asiento from Philip V

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Godolphin and Marlboro
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Domestic Politics in Annes Reign

• Abigail Masham replaces Sarah Churchill
• Many parliaments and looser franchisemost
  democratic commons till 20th century
• Tories and blue water policy
• Church in DangerTory Domestic issue
• Henry St. John, Vicount Bolingbroke, called for a
  Patriot King
• Impeachment of Dr. Henry Sacheverell
• Would Hanoverian Settlement hold?