Rome

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Rome

• The Latin Heritage

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How do you rule an Empire?
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How do you build an Empire?
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How do you keep an Empire?
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The Stoic Ideal

• Marcus Aurelius
• Ruled 161 180 CE
• Emperor and philosopher
• Originally a Greek philosophical school
• Zeno taught on the steps (stoa) of a building
  in the agora in Athens

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Stoicism

• The Cosmos is ruled by law
• The ordering principle is the Logos
• The world can be known to the mind
• Justice and morality are critical to man

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Natural Rights

• Natural Rights are different from rights given by
  the Law
• Natural Rights are those that are yours because
  you are human
• You can always question whether a law is
  consistent with your Natural Rights

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Civil Law

• Ius Civile
• Expression of local values and interests
• Differs from place to place and people to people
• When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

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The Law of All of the Peoples

• Ius Gentium
• Universally adopted precepts
• Not transmitted from people to people
• It is in us as part of our rational nature
• It is a unifying principle for all peoples
• Cultural diversity Ius Civile
• Shared humanity Ius Gentium

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The Legacy

• When Rome fell to the Visigoths in 476 CE they
  destroyed Rome
• They kept the Lex Romana Visigothorum
• The Roman Law of the Visigoths
• The Emperor Justinian attempted to reconstruct
  the old system in 555 CE
• Most European legal codes are still based on it

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• Thou hast made of alien realms one fatherland
• The lawless found their gains beneath thy sway
• Sharing thy laws with them thou has subdued
• Thou hast made a city of the once wide world
• Rutiius Namantianus 5th cent. CE