Exploration and The Scientific Revolution

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Exploration and The Scientific Revolution

• The World is changing and becoming smaller.

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Causes for European Expansion

• 1. Technology improves-
• A) Mapmaking- more of the world has been seen and
  can be mapped. Sailors can now visually see that
  they can sail west across the Atlantic Ocean and
  that the world is round.
• B) The compass, which always points north, helps
  ensure sailors wont get lost at sea.

http//www.nhc.rtp.nc.us/tserve/nattrans/ntecoindi
an/essays/columbian.htm
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• C) new ships are constructed that are bigger and
  easier to steer
• D) changed shape of the sails so that people
  could sail with or against the wind

www1.minn.net/keithp/ships.htm
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2. Economic reasons for expansion

• A) coins have a fixed value for the first time.
  This means that money is worth the same amount no
  matter where you try to spend it. This
  encourages international trade and banking.
• B) Joint-stock company- owners raised by
  selling stock in a company. Investors bought the
  stock and became co-owners and shared in the
  profits. They raised large sums of from
  investors to finance exploration.

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Mercantilism

• Mercantilism is the belief that the world
  contains a limited amount of wealth so in order
  to get wealth, one country must take it from
  another.
• (wealth gold and silver a country possessed)
• Colony- overseas land that was controlled by
  powerful countries for their resources. A colony
  only existed to benefit the mother country.

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3. Social causes for expansion

• Curiosity and spirit of discovery moved many
  people to explore the world outside Europe.
• People wanted to make quick profits (money)
• People were looking for new lands to settle to
  escape religious persecution. They wanted the
  freedom to practice their religion their way.

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Exploration

• 1492- Christopher Columbus lands in San Salvador
  in the West Indies (the Caribbean). He
  discovers America.
• In 1492 Columbus sails the Ocean blue
• Christopher Columbus was Italian but Queen
  Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain paid for his
  voyage.
• He thought he was on the islands off the coast of
  India. He dies never knowing that he
  discovered a new continent.

www.funlol.com/funages/columbus.html
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The Columbian Exchange

• In the years following Columbuss voyages, a
  massive exchange took place between the New World
  and the Old World of Europe.
• This exchange is called the Columbian Exchange.
• Products, plants, animals and diseases traveled
  between the Western and Eastern Hemispheres.
• Example horses came to the New World from Europe
  and Potatoes went from the Americas to Europe.

http//www.nhc.rtp.nc.us/tserve/nattrans/ntecoindi
an/essays/columbianb.htm
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Ferdinand Magellan

• He is the 1st to sail around the world
• This is the first real proof that the world is
  round.

http//staff.esuhsd.org/balochie/studentprojects/
ageexploration/magellan.html
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Ponce de Leon

• Sailed north from the Caribbean and landed in
  Florida.
• He was looking for the Fountain of Youth.

http//staff.esuhsd.org/balochie/studentprojects/
ageexploration/poncedeleon.html
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Hernan Cortes

• 1519
• Landed in Mexico with 11 ships and nearly 600
  men.
• He conquered the Aztec empire and their ruler
  Montezuma.

http//www.pbs.org/kpbs/theborder/history/timeline
/1.html
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Francisco Pizarro

• 1530
• Conquered the Incan Empire of Peru and their
  ruler Anahualpa.

http//www.pbs.org/conquistadors/pizarro/pizarro_f
lat.html
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Triangular Trade

• Trade between Europe, Africa and the Americas
• Goods sent from Europe to Africa- cotton,
  weapons, liquor
• Goods sent from Africa to the Americas- slaves
  (This part of the triangle was called THE MIDDLE
  PASSAGE)
• Goods sent from the Americas to Europe- cotton,
  tobacco, sugar and molasses

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http//members.tripod.com/lylesj/trade/tritrade.ht
ml
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Why use Africans as labor?

• Why did the Europeans use Africans as labor
  instead of the Native Americans that were already
  living there?
• The Native Americans had no immunities to the
  diseases the Europeans brought with them. More
  than 80 of the Native Americans would die from
  European diseases. This would make them a very
  poor source of labor.
• Africans had immunities to European diseases.

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The Scientific Revolution

• The spirit of the Renaissance encouraged
  curiosity, investigation and the practical
  application of the knowledge of nature to
  everyday life.
• People became more willing to question old ideas
  and beliefs.
• They were more willing to use new approaches to
  answer questions about the natural world.
• They would no longer explain the world in terms
  of religious thought or magic.

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• Scientific method- scientists did experiments and
  used math to check and apply their measurements.
  They would repeat experiments to be sure and get
  the same results. Then they would draw
  conclusions about what they observed.
• This was a new process and one that would become
  standard to scientists throughout the world.

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Important scientists of the Scientific Revolution

• A) Francis Bacon- philosopher and scientist he
  felt that scientific theories could only be
  developed through observation.
• B) N. Copernicus- believed in the geocentric
  theory- which means he thought the Earth was the
  center of the universe.

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• C) Galileo- invented the telescope to study the
  heavens. He believed in the heliocentric theory-
  that the sun is the center of the universe.
  Today, we agree with Galileos theory.
• D) Isaac Newton- wrote the law of universal
  gravitation- all bodies attract each other and
  the force can be measured
• what goes up must come down

http//www.newton.cam.ac.uk/newton.html
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DIRECTIONS

• Using the PowerPoint you just read for
  information, fill in the graphic organizer.
• Who were these scientists?
• What did they do that made them so famous?

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Factors Renaissance spirit of curiosity and The
questioning of old beliefs.
Scientific Revolution
COPERNICUS
NEWTON
GALILEO
BACON
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Directions for your activity

• Now that youve read the PowerPoint and filled in
  the graphic organizer, you will create this
  activity to demonstrate your knowledge of
  Exploration and the Scientific Revolution.
• Create a 2 character play.
• In your play, your characters must discuss
• Causes for exploration and expansion, Columbus,
  Columbian Exchange, Important People, Triangular
  Trade and the Scientific Revolution.
• Be sure your play informs the audience of all the
  important information and is fun and entertaining.