Chapter 2: Beliefs, Values

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Chapter 2Beliefs, Values Health

• Key beliefs
• Science and technology panacea
• Private sector based
• De-emphasis government role
• Individualism
• Responsible for your own well being

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Consequences...

• Emphasis on disease vs. health
• Medical Model
• Influence of medical model
• Focus on curative vs. preventive medicine
• HP/DP should be the model
• Define health?
• Use of morbidity mortality as indicators of
  health
• Negative factors

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Consequences...

• Influence of medical model
• Financing usually better coverage for curative
  vs. preventive services
• Training of medical professionals focus on
  specialists and intervention vs. prevention
• Status of health professionals higher status for
  specialists

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Consequences...

• Private delivery of healthcare (govt. plays
  lesser role)
• Fundamental difference between public health and
  private practice of medicine?
• Achievement of health through personal means
• Privately financed insurance (employers)
• Publicly financed insurance for less fortunate

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Consequences...

• Healthcare viewed as an economic good vs. a
  public resource
• System based on market justice rather than social
  justice

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Perspectives on Health

• Physical view
• Essence of the medical model
• Absence of disease
• Focus on Dx and symptoms
• Social model
• Incorporates physical and social elements of
  health
• Individuals ability to perform expected social
  roles is interpreted as health
• Encouraged to seek care if role not fulfilled

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Perspectives on Health

• The WHO definition
• Incorporates physical, mental and social elements
  of health as necessary
• The holistic view
• Adds spiritual well being to the WHO model

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Helle
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Health Concepts

• Illness disease
• Referenced in symptoms and discomfort
• Illness Self perceived
• Disease Based on professional evaluation
• Risk Factor
• Attribute that increases the likelihood of
  disease
• Not not CAUSE the disease, just gt the likelihood
• Wellness
• Emphasize promotion of health

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Health Concepts

• HPDP
• Health promotion/disease prevention based on 3
  factors
• 1. Understanding relationship between
• Host Person exposed to agent and at risk of
  disease development - genetic make up, level of
  immunity, fitness, personal behaviors stress
• Agent Factor responsible for disease production
  (i.e. bacteria/virus, chemical agents,
  radiation, dietary excess, nutritional deficiency
  
• Environment Set of conditions directly or
  indirectly responsible for exposing host to agent

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Health Concepts

• HPDP
• 2. Appropriate interventions to counter attack
  risk factors
• Behavior modification
• Therapeutic interventions
• 3. Public Health
• Macro view of disease prevention
• Quality of Life
• Overall satisfaction with life based on comfort,
  security, functional ability, self perception

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Determinants of Health

• Blums Model
• Order of Importance
• Environment
• Lifestyle
• Behaviors, attitudes toward health
• Heredity
• Medical Cure
• Future of all of us is dependent

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Equitable Distribution of Care

• Distributive Justice
• U.S. Market Justice
• Idea of capitalism extended to healthcare
• Role of distributing goods assigned to market
• Demand side (price) rationing
• Uninsured lack access
• National Programs Social Justice
• Idea of restraining markets extended to
  healthcare
• Supply-side rationing
• Role of distribution rest with the government
• Not all services, all the time

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Equitable Distribution of Care

• Limitations of Market Justice
• Social justice become unavoidable when dealing
  with human problems
• Subsidized housing, public shelters
• Public transit systems
• Public education
• Healthcare Medicare, Medicaid, Safety Net
• Human problems have macro society implications
• Crime, homelessness, substance abuse
• Healthcare diseases, lost productivity