The Great Schism

1
The Great Schism
CN Hint Write a question you have about the
topic every time you see a title screen like this
one.

• with Cornell Notes Pop-ups!

2
Kidnapped Pope

• 1300, Philip IV of France refused to bow to papal
  authority
• Philip held the pope prisoner and NO ONE CAME TO
  HIS RESCUE
• Philip had a new pope chosen who would be
  favorable to France and moved the pope to France!

CN Hint Write a quiz question
3
Two Popes

• The people demanded the pope be returned to Rome
  (after 68 years in France)
• Cardinals (highest church officials) elected a
  pope, changed their mind and elected a second
  pope

CN Hint Write a vocabulary question.
4
Religious Civil War

• Divided the church THE GREAT SCHISM
• Popes tried to excommunicate each other.
• Council elected a third pope to try and end the
  problem
• Holy Roman Emperor made them all resign finally
  a new pope was elected in 1427

CN Hint 2 Write a question you might find on a
quiz.
CN Hint 1 Write a summary of what you notice
about the chart.
5
England France Develop
CN Hint Write a question you have about the
topic every time you see a title screen like this
one.
6
Englands Two Goals

• Gain Lands in France
• Strengthen power over nobles within England

CN Hint Write a quiz question
7
Juries Common Law

• King sent Judges to all the parts of England
• Judicial system no longer in hands of lords
• Also collected taxes
• Rulings by these judges came to be called COMMON
  LAW

CN Hint Write a vocabulary question.
8
The Bad English King

• King John Softsword (Richard the Lionhearts
  brother Prince John from Robinhood) was a weak
  cruel king
• Huge losses in France
• Nobles revolt

CN Hint Write a quiz question
9
The Magna Carta

• Nobles forced John to sign the MAGNA CARTA (Great
  Charter) guaranteeing basic political rights
• No taxation w/o representation
• Trial by jury
• Protection of the law
• Eventually rights extended to all English citizens

CN Hint Write a quiz question
10
Parliament

• When the next English king needed to raise taxes
  he created PARLIAMENT to approve his tax increase

• 2 wealthy citizens from each urban area
• 2 knights from each county
• The Bishops
• The Lords

Initially controlled by the king, eventually came
to be a power rivaling the king
CN Hint Write a quiz question
11
The Capetians

• Royal house of France for over 300 years
• Initially one of several kings of France,
  eventually united France

CN Hint Write a vocabulary question.
12
Estates-General

• ESTATES-GENERAL when the king called all of the
  councils together.
• The First Estate (Church leaders)
• The Second Estate (great lords)
• The Third Estate (commoners/wealthy landholders
  merchants )
• Never an independent power like parliament

CN Hint Write a vocabulary question.
13
Beginning of Democracy

• Founding institutions that would develop into
  democracy
• Centralized government
• Common law court systems
• Including commoners in decision making

CN Hint Write a quiz question.
14
The Hundred Years War
CN Hint Write a question you have about the
topic every time you see a title screen like this
one.
15
Background

• In keeping with royal tradition, marriages
  between the royal houses of Europe were arranged
  to
• Promote relations between ruling houses
• Legitimize royal bloodlines
• Included marriages between England France

16
England

• Previous kings of England were more French than
  English
• i.e. Richard the Lionhearts mother first
  language French
• Gascony, Aquitaine, port areas in the north of
  France were controlled by English lords

17
France

• The royal family, the Capetians, had consecutive
  male heirs for over 340 years!
• Didnt have a clear plan on how to handle the
  succession w/o a direct male heir.
• The sons of Philip IV did not have any male heirs
  but.

Hugh Capet
18
Englands Claim to France

• Edward III was Philip IVs grandson on through
  his mother.
• Lands held by Edward in Gascony Aquitaine meant
  he was already ruling in France (according to him)

19
France says No Way Jacque!

• As Lord of Gascony and Aquitaine, Edward is a
  VASSAL of the King of France therefore the King
  of England is NOT king over French lands
• French tradition says heirs must come through
  male heir

20
England Fights Guerilla War

• Englands resources and small raiding army were
  not initially taken serious by the French.
• England didnt fight fair
• Used commoners as combatants
• Welsh English Longbow
• England argued they didnt have a choice

21
The Welsh English Longbow

• Advantages
• Cheap
• Portable
• Deadly penetrate armor, fatal at 100yds,
  accurate to 200yds

• machine gun of the Middle Ages
• 12-15 arrows per minute

22
Longbow ends Medieval Warfare

• Armor is almost pointless
• No longer need years of training to fight
• Commoners are actually better in battle than
  knights

23
Hundred YearsSort of

• 1337 1453 the kings of England and France
  fought off and on
• Victory passed back forth until

24
Peace Treaty of 1420

• After the deat of current French King Charles VI,
  Henry V of England would inherit the French crown

• Joan of Arc, a 13 year old girl who believed she
  heard the voices of saints convinced the French
  king to fight on
• Led France to victory
• Had Charles VII crowned king
• Captured by English, executed by the Church

25
Victory for France

• Between 1421 1453, France finally gains enough
  strength to drive the English entirely out of
  France.
• except the port of Calais
• A necessary concession as the English needed
  access to trade with the mainland of Europe

26
Impact of the War

• NATIONALISM developed as the people of France
  England
• Saw king as a national leader
• Fought for glory of country (not out of duty)
• Powerful French monarchy
• England suffers as two noble houses fight for the
  thrown.

Note These are not the flags flown during the
15th century!!!!!!!!
27
Result

• Political leaders held more power than religious
  leaders
• People looked on the church of the Middle Ages as
  extravagant and arrogant
• New scholars began pointing to the Christian
  Bible as a higher authority than the pope