Popes and Kings

1
Popes and Kings

• Chapter 10.1

2
Popes and Kings Rule Europe

• In the early Middle Ages, great nobles and their
  knights held a great deal of power.
• As time passed, though, this power began to shift
  into the hands of two types of leaders popes and
  kings.
• Popes had great spiritual power, and kings had
  political power.
• vs.

3
The Power of the Popes

• The Pope was the head of the Christian Church in
  Western Europe.
• People saw the pope as Gods representative on
  Earth.

• Duties of the Pope
• Decide what the Church would teach
• Write a bull Church policy
• Decide when someone was acting against the Church

• Excommunication
• Pope/bishop could cast out people from the
  Church.
• People believed it meant they could not get into
  heaven.

• Political Power of Popes
• After the Roman Empire collapsed, many people
  looked to Pope as the leader.
• Popes became rich and powerful.

4
The Power of Kings

• Some kings had little real power.
• In which 3 countries did kings have real control?
  
• England, France, Holy Roman Empire
• How were kings chosen in England and France?
• Inherited throne from fathers
• The Holy Roman Empire
• This empire grew out of Charlemagnes empire, who
  built his empire with the popes approval.
• Why was it called the Holy Roman Empire?
• it was approved by Pope
• seen as rebirth of the Roman Empire

5
Popes Fight for Power

• Although people of western Europe considered the
  pope the head of the Church, people in eastern
  Europe disagreed.
• Great Schism
• Do Summary A
• on the back.

In Eastern Europe Bishops controlled religious
matters with little or no guidance from the Pope.

Mid 1000s Clever popes Pope Leo IX sought to
increase authority over eastern bishops
Church leaders in Eastern Europe refused to
recognize the Popes supremacy.
Pope Responded Excommunicated the eastern
patriarch (bishop) in 1054.
Orthodox Church Christians who agreed with the
bishop of Constantinople.
Roman Catholic Christians who supported Pope
Leos authority.
6
Summary Box A
Discuss the events that lead to the Great Schism.

Explain/define the Great Schism or draw an
illustration to represent the Great Schism.
7
Kings and Popes Clash

• Disagreement between kings and popes
• Kings wanted to choose bishops in their
  countries.
• Popes wanted to choose religious officials.

• Pope Gregory VII vs. Emperor Henry IV (1073)
• Pope Gregory VII disapproved of the bishop chosen
  by Emperor Henry IV.
• Emp. Henry IV convinced Germanys bishops to
  remove Gregory as Pope.
• The Pope then excommunicated Emperor Henry IV.

• Compromise, 1122 A.D.
• The new pope and emperor decided that Church
  officials would choose bishops and abbots.
• Bishops and abbots would still have to obey the
  emperor.

Despite the compromise over choosing church
officials, kings and popes continued to fight
for power throughout the Middle Ages.
8
Summary Box B
What did Popes and Kings disagree about?
Was there a resolution? Explain why or why
not?