The Great Schism

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The Great Schism
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Objectives

• The student will demonstrate knowledge of the
  Byzantine Empire and Russia from about 300 to
  1000 C.E. by
• Explaining disputes that led to the split between
  the Roman Catholic Church and the Greek Orthodox
  Church
• Assessing the impact of Byzantine influence and
  trade on Russia and Eastern Europe

• Essential Questions
• What factors produced the division within the
  Christian church?
• Why did the Byzantine Empire have so much
  influence on religion, culture, and trade in
  Russia and Eastern Europe?

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Split between Rome and Constantinople

• Eastern Christianity built on works of early
  fathers
• Saint Basil
• Wrote rules for monks
• Saint John Chrysostom
• Patriarch of East
• Patriarchs had to bow to emperor
• Controversy in 8th century
• Emperor Leo III banned use of icons
• Called it idol worship
• Army and iconoclasts started destroying icons
• Pope excommunicated Byzantine Emperor
• Not until 843 C.E. are icons restored to Eastern
  churches

• The Great Schism
• Divide continues to grow
• 1054 C.E. the Pope and patriarch excommunicated
  each other over a dispute in religious doctrin
• Led to permanent split or schism in church

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Differences Between Eastern church and western
church
Western Church Roman Catholic Eastern Church Eastern Orthodox
Centered in Rome Pope has authority over Bishops Centered in Constantinople Patriarch and other bishops share authority
Farther away from the seat of power once Constantinople became capital Close to the seat of power once Constantinople became the capital
Latin is spoken in the Liturgy (church services) Greek is spoken in the liturgy (church services)
Pope has authority over Kings and emperors Emperor has authority over Patriarch and bishops
Priests cant marry Divorce is not permitted Priests can marry Divorce is allowed under certain conditions
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Spread of Byzantine Culture

• Trade routes allowed for increased contact
• Black Sea
• Baltic Sea
• Slavs began trading with Constantinople in 9th
  century
• Cultural diffusion occurred and Russian culture
  grew out of blending of Slavic and Greek
  traditions

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Byzantine Missionaries convert the slavs

• Rise of Russia
• Group called the Rus organized in 800s C.E.
• Most likely Vikings
• Nearby rivers allow trade
• Dneiper, Don, and Volga
• City of Kiev becomes center of Rus

• Missionaries spread religion eastward
• Helped spread Orthodox Christianity to Eastern
  Europe and Russia
• Two most successful missionaries
• Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril
• Invented alphabet for Slavic language
• Could read bible in own tongues
• Called Cyrillic alphabet
• Helped spread religion further

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Russian Orthodox Christianity

• Kiev becomes Orthodox
• Princess Olga visits Constantinople in 957 C.E.
• Converted to Christianity
• Her grandson Vladmir
• Sent out teams to observe three major religions
  Christianity, Islam, and Judaism
• Report on Constantinople convinced Vladmir to
  convert to Eastern Orthodoxy 988 A.D.
• Married a Byzantine Princess
• Kiev became seat of an Orthodox Bishop

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Kievs Rise and Decline

• Vladmir leads the way
• Vladmir and his son expanded Kiev and
  consolidated power
• Marriages helped form trading alliances with
  Western Europe
• Decline began when empire was divided
• Mongol Invasions
• Invaded in 1200s
• Attacked and demolished Kiev

• Mongol rule in Russia
• After fall of Kiev Mongols ruled all of Southern
  Russia
• Called the Khanate of the Golden Horde
• Let Russians retain usual customs and tolerated
  religion
• Established city of Moscow
• Demanded only obedience and tributes
• Eventually led to overthrow by Russians

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The influence of the Byzantine Empire on Russia
and Eastern Europe
Influences
Church architecture and religious art
Adoption of Greek alphabet to the Slavic languages by St. Cyril
Trade routes between the Black Sea and Baltic Sea
Adoption of Orthodox Christianity
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