PPT – Henry VIII – James I Tudor England PowerPoint presentation

About This Presentation

Title:

Henry VIII – James I Tudor England

Description:

Henry VIII James I Tudor England Henry VIII Born 28 June 1491 at the Palace of Placentia at Greenwich. The third child of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:240

Avg rating:3.0/5.0

Slides: 65

Provided by: vaboFiuse

Category:

more less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Henry VIII – James I Tudor England

1
Henry VIII James ITudor England
2
Henry VIII

Born 28 June 1491 at the Palace of Placentia at
Greenwich. The third child of Henry VII and
Elizabeth of York. His grandparents were King
Edward IV of England and Queen Elizabeth
Woodville.
Only three of Henry VIII's six siblings Arthur
(the Prince of Wales), Margaret and Mary,
survived infancy.

Already as a child
appointed Constable of Dover Castle, Lord Warden
of the Cinque Ports, created Duke of York,
appointed Earl Marshal of England, Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland
His elder brother Arthur
married the Spanish
Catherine of Aragon but
died a couple months later.
At the age of eleven, Henry,
Duke of York, became
heir-apparent to the Throne.
He was also created
Prince of Wales.

Henry VII demanded an alliance between England
and Spain through a marriage between Henry,
Prince of Wales, and Catherine. Since the Prince
of Wales was supposed to marry his brother's
widow, he first had to get a dispensation from
the Pope.
Henry became King after his fathers
death in 1509. Henry married
Catharina 11Th of June 1509.
Cathatinas first pregnancy ended
in miscarriage in 1510. In January
1511 she gave birth to a son that
died two month later.

King Henry became attracted to the young Anne
Boleyn, and at the same time infuriated with
Catherines inability to produce a healthy male
heir.
He asked the Church to
annul their marriage.
The pope refused the
kings request in fear that
It would anger the Holy
Roman Emperor, Charles V,
who was Catherines nephew.
The Pope went on to excommunicate Henry in July
1533. Considerable religious upheaval followed.
The Act of Supremacy 1534 declared that the king
is head of the English church. This was the
beginning of the English Reformation.

Rejecting the decisions of the Pope, Parliament
validated the marriage between Henry and Anne
with the Act of Succession 1534.
In 1536, Queen Anne began to lose Henry's favour.
After the Princess Elizabeth's birth, Queen Anne
had two pregnancies that ended in either
miscarriage or stillbirth.
Henry VIII had begun to turn his attentions to
another lady of his court, Jane Seymour.
In May 1536, the Court condemned Anne and her
brother to death.
Only days after Anne's execution in 1536, Henry
married Jane Seymour.
Jane gave birth to a son, the Prince Edward, in
1537, and died two weeks later

7
(No Transcript)
8

Major Acts
At about the same time as his marriage to Jane
Seymour, Henry granted his assent to the Laws in
Wales Act 1535, uniting England and Wales into
one nation.
During the English Reformation Henry continued
persecute his religious opponents and the
Dissolution of Monasteries.
In 1536, an uprising called Pilgrimage of Grace
broke out in Northern England.
To calm the rebellious Roman Catholics, Henry
agreed to allow Parliament to address their
concerns. Furthermore, he agreed to grant a
general mercy to all those involved.

He kept neither promise, and a second uprising
occurred in 1537. As a result, the leaders of the
rebellion were convicted of treason and executed.
In 1539, England's remaining monasteries were all
dissolved, and their property transferred to the
Crown. Abbots and priors lost their seats in the
House of Lords only archbishops and bishops
stayed.
The Lords Spiritual, were for the first time
outnumbered by the Lords Temporal.

Henry's mistresses
Historians are only sure of the names of two of
Henry's mistresses Bessie Blount and Mary Boleyn
(Anne's sister).
Several others
Jane Popicourt, in 1510
a Frenchwoman at the court
a mistress of the kidnapped Duc de Longueville
Lady Anne Stafford, in 1514
Margaret (Madge) Shelton, in 1534-5
There are also references to a lady he housed in
a manor house (unknown year), an 'unknown lady'
in 1534 and a lady from Tournai, in his
excursions into France in 1513.

Henry's innovative court
Henrys court was a centre of artistic
innovation. The discovery of America or "The New
World" set the stage for Henry's innovative
attitude.
Henry was among the first European rulers to
learn about the true geography of the world, a
revolutionary discovery.
In 1507, the cartographers Martin Waldseemüller
and Matthias Ringmann published the first
"modern" map of the world, the first map to
accurately illustrate the American Continent and
a separate Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, a radical
thought for the time.

More wives
Henry wanted to get married again. Thomas
Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex suggested Anne, the
sister of the Protestant Duke of Cleves, who was
seen as an important ally in case of a Roman
Catholic attack on England.
Hans Holbein the Younger was sent to Cleves to
paint a portrait of Anne for the King. After
regarding Holbein's flattering portrayal, Henry
agreed to wed Anne. On Anne's arrival in England,
Henry is said to have found her very ugly.
Nevertheless, he married her on 6 January 1540.

13
(No Transcript)
14

Henry wanted to end the marriage, not only
because of his personal feelings but also because
of political considerations.
The Duke of Cleves had become engaged in a
dispute with the Holy Roman Emperor.
On 28 July 1540 Henry married the young Catherine
Howard, Anne Boleyn's first cousin.
Thomas Cranmer, who was opposed to the powerful
Catholic Howard family, brought evidence of Queen
Catherine's affairs with other men to the King.
Catherine's marriage was annulled shortly before
her execution.

15
(No Transcript)
16

Death
Catherine Parr was the last
of his six wives
Later in life, Henry was
grossly overweight, with a waist
measurement of 137 cm,
and possibly suffered from gout.
Henry's increased size dates from an accident in
1536. He suffered a thigh wound which not only
prevented him from taking exercise and may have
indirectly led to his death, which occurred on 28
January 1547.

17
King Edward VI
18
King Edward VI

Born 12 October 1537
Hampton Court Palace
Died 6 July 1553
Greenwich Palace
(15 years old)

19
King Edward VI

Henry VIII died on 28 January 1547, when Edward
was only 9 years old.
Edward VI was crowned as king at Westminster
Abbey on 20 February 1547
Reign 28 January 1547 - 6 July 1553
From the age of 9 to his death at the age of 15

20
King Edward VI

Edward's reign was marked by increasingly harsh
Protestant reforms, the loss of control of
Scotland, and an economic downturn. A period of
social unrest begun earlier intensified during
his rule, and conflicts with the French
increased.
As he grew up he noticed that there were not as
many people from a poorer background attending
church so reigned the country by removing the
most ornate ornaments from the churches this
resulted in King Edward bringing himself closer
to his people through the use of religion.

21
King Edward VI

Edward VI's uncle, Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of
Somerset, ruled England in the name of his nephew
as Lord Protector from 1547 to 1549.
Henry VIIIs will named sixteen executors, who
were to act as a Council of Regency until Edward
VI achieved majority at the age of eighteen.
Edward's entire rule was mediated through a
council of regency as he never reached maturity.

22
King Edward VI

Edward VI was England's first ruler who was
Protestant at the time of his ascension to the
throne.
Many Catholic rites were replaced with Protestant
ones during the reign of Edward VI
One of the most notable was Cranmer's Book of
Common Prayer, which was published in 1549 to
replace the old liturgical books in Latin.

23
King Edward VI

Inflation and the cost of war combined to double
prices from 1547 to 1549.
On 8 August, taking advantage of internal strife,
the French, under Henry II, formally declared war
on England.
The Duke of Somerset became extremely unpopular,
even among his own Council.
In October 1549 he was deposed and sent under
arrest to the Tower of London by John Dudley,
Earl of Warwick

24
King Edward VI

The Duke of Somerset became extremely unpopular
and in October 1549 he was deposed and sent under
arrest to the Tower of London by John Dudley,
Earl of Warwick
John Dudley, Earl of Warwick did not make himself
Lord Protector, and even encouraged Edward VI
into declaring his majority as soon as he was
sixteen.
Unlike Somerset, Warwick was a man of action who
was full of ambition to officially install and
enforce an inflexible form of Protestantism and
enrich himself with land and power.

25
King Edward VI

The rise of the Earl of Warwick (later Duke of
Northumberland) was accompanied by the fall of
Catholicism in England
Use of the Book of Common Prayer in all Church
services was more strictly enforced
all official editions of the Bible were
accompanied by anti-Catholic annotations.
Catholic symbols in churches were desecrated by
mobs
the Ordinal of 1550 replaced the divine
ordination of priests with a government-run
appointment system

26
King Edward VI

The first symptoms of tuberculosis were manifest
in January 1553 and by May it was obvious that
his condition was fatal. Edward was enough the
master of his own destiny to have concerns about
the succession addressed
Having been brought up a Protestant, he had no
desire to be succeeded by his older half-sister
and devout Catholic, Mary.

27
King Edward VI

When it became clear that Edward's life was to be
a short one, the king's advisors persuaded him to
attempt to exclude his two half sisters, the
devout Catholic Mary and moderate Protestant
Elizabeth, from the line of succession to the
throne in order to put the Lady Jane Grey, the
solidly Protestant daughter-in-law of the chief
Regent, next in line to succeed the king.

28
King Edward VI

The Duke of Northumberland then foolishly
attempted to rule through the Duchess of
Suffolk's daughter, the Lady Jane Grey. Jane was
married off to the Duke of Northumberland's
younger son, Guilford Dudley
Northumberland plotted to have his
daughter-in-law, the Lady Jane, placed next in
line to succeed Edward

29
King Edward VI

The first draft of Edward VIs will excluded
Mary, Elizabeth, the Duchess of Suffolk and the
Lady Jane from the line of succession on the
theory that no woman could rule England. The
Crown was to be left to the Lady Jane's
heirs-male.
This plan, however, was not to Northumberland's
liking (probably because Lady Jane had no male
heirs at this time, having been married only
about a month before)

30
King Edward VI

The draft was changed to leave the Crown to Jane
and her heirs-male. Mary and Elizabeth were
excluded because they were officially
illegitimate
As Edward VI lay dying, the Duke of
Northumberland (according to legend) symbolically
stole the crown from him and gave it to his
daughter-in-law, the Lady Jane.

31
King Edward VI

Edward VI died at Greenwich Palace on 6 July
1553, either of tuberculosis, arsenic poisoning,
or syphilis. His last words were said to have
been "Oh my Lord God, defend this realm from
papistry and maintain their true religion."
He was buried in Henry VII Lady Chapel at
Westminster Abbey by Thomas Cranmer with
Protestant rites on 9 August, while Mary had Mass
said for his soul in the Tower

32
King Edward VI

Jane's proclamation was revoked as an act done
under coercion her succession was deemed
unlawful.
Lady Jane was Queen for only nine days, during
that time reigning in name only,
Thus, Edward VI's de jure successor was Mary I
(155358), but his de facto successor was Jane.

33
(No Transcript)
34
Queen Mary I
35
Queen Mary I

Also known as Mary Tudor or Bloody Mary
Born 18 February 1516
Died 17 November 1558
Reign 19 July 155317 November 1558
Mary became Queen at the age of 37 and died 42
years old
Coronation 1 October 1553

36
Queen Mary I

Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 6 July
1553 (de jure) or 19 July 1553 (de facto) until
her death.
Mary, the fourth and penultimate monarch of the
Tudor dynasty
Her mother was Catherine of Aragon

37
Queen Mary I

Mary was deemed illegitimate and her place in the
line of succession, as well as the title
princess, was transferred to her half-sister, the
future Elizabeth I when Henry broke with the
Church
Mary was expelled from Court,
Her servants were dismissed from her service
She was forced to serve as a lady-in-waiting to
Elizabeth.
She was not permitted to see her mother Catherine
She was not permitted to attend her mothers
funeral in 1536.

38
Queen Mary I

In 1544, through an Act of Parliament, Henry
returned Mary and Elizabeth to the line of
succession after Edward. Both women, however,
remained legally illegitimate.
In 1547, Henry died and was succeeded by Edward VI

39
Queen Mary I

When Mary, who had remained faithful to the
Catholic Church, asked to be allowed to worship
in private in her own chapel, she was ordered to
stop. After appealing to her cousin Charles V,
who threatened to go to war with England, she was
allowed to worship privately. Religious
differences would continue to be a problem
between Mary and Edward

40
Queen Mary I

On 19 July 1553, Jane's accession proclamation
was deemed to have been made under coercion and
was revoked.
Mary was proclaimed queen in her place and her
reign is considered to have begun on this day. On
3 August 1553, with support for Jane evaporating,
Mary rode into London triumphant and
unchallenged, with her half-sister Elizabeth at
her side.
Mary's first act of Parliament retroactively
validated Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of
Aragon, and legitimated herself

41
Queen Mary I

Queen Mary I married the 11 years younger Philip
II
Although Mary enjoyed tremendous popular support
and sympathy for her mistreatment during the
earliest parts of her reign, she lost almost all
of it after marrying Philip.

42
Queen Mary I

Philip II (May 21, 1527 September 13, 1598)
was the first official
King of Spain from 1556 until 1598,
King of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until 1598,
King of England (as King-consort of Mary I) from
1554 to 1558,
King of Portugal and the Algarves (as Philip I)
from 1580 until 1598 and
King of Chile from 1554 until 1556.

43
Queen Mary I

During her reign, Mary's weak health led her to
suffer two false pregnancies. After such a
delusion in 1558, Mary decreed in her will that
her husband Philip should be the regent during
the minority of her child. No child, however, was
born, and Mary died at the age of 42, most
probably of ovarian cancer, at St. James's Palace
on 17 November

44
Queen Mary I

She is remembered for returning England from
Protestantism to Roman Catholicism.
To this end, she had almost three hundred
religious dissenters executed as a consequence,
she is often known as Bloody Mary.
Her religious policies were in many cases
reversed by her successor and half-sister,
Elizabeth I (15581603).
Edward's religious laws were abolished by Mary's
first Parliament and numerous Protestant leaders
were executed in the so-called Marian
Persecutions

45
Queen Mary I

Mary did not have many successes she was,
however, known for her "common touch". She would
wear a country's national dress when meeting its
ambassador, and many of those who waited upon her
personally later expressed great love and loyalty
to her.

46
Queen Mary I

The persecution of Protestants earned Mary the
appellation "Bloody Mary" although many
historians believe Mary does not deserve all the
blame that has been cast upon her. During Mary's
five-year reign, 283 individuals were burnt at
the stake, twice as many as had suffered the same
fate during the previous century-and-a-half of
English history

47
ELIZABETH I

Elizabeth was born in the Palace of Placentia in
Greenwich, on September 7, 1533. Upon her birth,
Elizabeth was the heir presumptive to the throne
of England despite having an older half sister

Elizabeth was the only surviving child of King
Henry VIII of England by his second wife, Anne
Boleyn, Marchioness of Pembroke
In terms of personality, Elizabeth was
resourceful, determined, and exceedingly
intelligent.
She loved learning for its own sake. Like her
mother and father, she was flirtatious and
charismatic.

It is believed that Seymour made advances towards
Elizabeth while she lived in his household.
There, Elizabeth received her education under
Roger Ascham.
She came to speak and read six languages her
native English, as well as French, Italian,
Spanish, Greek, and Latin. Under the influence of
Catherine Parr and Ascham, Elizabeth was raised a
Protestant.

In November 1558, upon Queen Mary's death,
Elizabeth ascended the throne. She was far more
popular than Mary, and it is said that after the
death of her half-sister the people rejoiced in
the streets
Legend has it Elizabeth was sitting beneath an
oak tree reading the Greek Bible at Hatfield when
she was informed of her succession to the throne.
As it was November and winter, it was unlikely
Elizabeth would have been quietly reading but
perhaps enjoying a brisk walk.

Elizabeth's coronation was on 15 January 1559.
She was 25 years old
Communion with the Catholic Church had been
reinstated under Mary I, but was ended by
Elizabeth.

the government entered two new bills into the
Houses the Act of Supremacy and the Act of
Uniformity. The Act of Supremacy confirmed
Elizabeth as Supreme Governor of the Church of
England, as opposed to the Supreme Head.

Governor was a suitably equivocal phrasing that
made Elizabeth head of the church without ever
saying she was, important because in the sixteent
century, it was felt that women could not rule a
church
Elizabeth never changed the Religious Settlement
despite Protestant pressure (previously thought
to originate from the Puritan choir) to do so and
it is in fact the 1559 Settlement that forms much
of the basis of today's Church of England.

At the end of 1562, Elizabeth fell ill with
smallpox, but later recovered. In 1563, alarmed
by the Queen's near-fatal illness, Parliament
asked that she marry or nominate an heir to
prevent civil war upon her death. She refused to
do either,

The Queen's health remained good until the fall
of 1602, when a series of losses among her
remaining friends appeared to throw her into a
melancholy. In her depression, she was lethargic
and silent, quite unlike her usual brisk manner.
Her courtiers anxiously tried to cheer her, but
as she admonished her godson, John Harington
On March 21, 1603, the Lord Admiral finally
persuaded the Queen to go to bed. They had to saw
the Coronation Ring off her finger where it had
grown into the flesh. She could no longer speak

It is sometimes claimed that Elizabeth named
James her heir on her deathbed.

According to one story, when asked whom she would
name her heir, she replied, "Who could that be
but my cousin Scotland?" According to another,
she said, "Who but a King could succeed a Queen?"
Finally, a third legend suggests that she
remained silent until her death.

57
JAMES I

James was the only child of Mary I, Queen of
Scots and of her second husband, Henry Stuart,
Duke of Albany, more commonly known as Lord
Darnley

James was born on 19 June 1566 at Edinburgh
Castle, and as the eldest son of the monarch and
heir-apparent, automatically became Duke of
Rothesay and Prince and Great Steward of
Scotland. He received the name Charles James, the
first name in honour of his godfather Charles IX
of France, thus becoming the first British
monarch to have more than one forename.

was King of Scots, King of England, and King of
Ireland. He was the first to style himself King
of Great Britain. He ruled in Scotland as James
VI from 24 July 1567 from the 'Union of the
Crowns', he ruled in England and Ireland as James
I, from 24 March 1603 until his death

In 1586, James VI and Elizabeth I became allies
under the Treaty of Berwick. James sought to
remain in the favour of the unmarried Queen of
England, as he was a potential successor to her
Crown James managed to reduce significantly the
influence of the Roman Catholic nobles in
Scotland.

He further endeared himself to Protestants by
marrying Anne of Denmark and Norwaya princess
from a Protestant country and daughter of
Frederick II of Denmark and Norwayby proxy in
1589
The couple produced eight living children and one
who was stillborn

James became obsessed with the threat that
witches and witchcraft might pose to him and his
country. During this period, he wrote a treatise
on demonology, as a result of which hundreds of
Scottish men and women were put to death for
witchcraft, their bodies later being found in
what was then called Nor Loch, now Princes Street
Gardens in Edinburgh

James lapsed into senility during the last year
of his reign. Real power passed to Charles and to
the Duke of Buckingham
James died at Theobalds House in 1625 of probably
brought upon by kidney failure and stroke

The King James Bible became the standard
edition of the Bible throughout the
English-speaking world, replacing the Great Bible
of Henry VIII, the Geneva Bible and other
translations. The beauty of its language makes it
stand as one of the greatest works of English
literature.
The king also designed the British flag in 1603
by combining England's red cross of St. George
with Scotland's white cross of St. Andrew. Some
conclude that the term Union Jack may have come
from James' name, Jac meaning Jacobus which is
Latin for James, i.e. King Jac's Union