Unit I US Political History Unit II U.S. Foreign Policy History to WWII Ch. 21 Section 4 Losing the

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Unit I- US Political HistoryUnit II - U.S.
Foreign Policy History to WWIICh. 21 Section
4Losing the Peace
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10th American HistoryUnit II- U.S. Foreign
AffairsReading Quiz for Chapter 21 Sect. 4

• 1. What was the Versailles Treaty?
• 2. What was Wilsons 14 Points?
• 3. What was the most poisonous provision of the
  Versailles Treaty that would lead to WWII?
  
• 4. What was the League of Nations?
• 5. What was the U.S. opposition to the Versailles
  Treaty?
  
• 6. What feature of the League of Nations was most
  opposed by Americans?
  
• 7. Name one of two Senators that opposed the
  League of Nations?
  
• 8. What happened to Wilson as he tried to
  directly appeal to the American people about the
  League of Nations?

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The Peace Conference in Paris 1918

• The Big Four
• Prime Minister Lloyd George of Great Britain
• Premier Vittorio Orlando of Italy
• Premier Georges Clemenceau of France
• President Woodrow Wilson of the U.S.
• The other three powers wanted as much land,
  wealth, and power for their countries as
  possible.
  
• The other three powers wanted German repayment
  for cost of war.
  
• The other three powers wanted to punish the
  enemies so they could never rise again.

• Wilson
• 14 points- Wilsons only purpose at the
  conference.
  
• Others were critical of Wilson- called him the
  Preacher of the world. To worried about all of
  mankind. God only has 10 commandments.
  
• Mistake- Wilson didnt chose any Republicans or
  Senators to be on the American Peace Commission.

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Versailles Treaty

• The Treaty ended up being not as selfish,
  vengeful or as noble as everyone had wanted.
  
• The main terms of the Versailles Treaty were
  (1) the surrender of all German colonies as
  League of Nations mandates (2) the return of
  Alsace-Lorraine to France (3) cession of
  Eupen-Malmedy to Belgium, Memel to Lithuania, the
  Hultschin district to Czechoslovakia, (4)
  Poznania, parts of East Prussia and Upper Silesia
  to Poland(5) Danzig to become a free city (6)
  plebiscites to be held in northern Schleswig to
  settle the Danish-German frontier (7)
  occupation and special status for the Saar under
  French control
• (8) demilitarization and a fifteen-year
  occupation of the Rhineland 9) German
  reparations of 6,600 million
  
• (10) a ban on the union of Germany and Austria
  (11) an acceptance of Germany's guilt in causing
  the war (11) provision for the trial of the
  former Kaiser and other war leaders

The Big Four
(12) limitation of Germany's army to 100,000 men
with no conscription, no tanks, no heavy
artillery, no poison-gas supplies, no aircraft
and no airships (13) the limitation of the
German Navy to vessels under 100,000 tons, with
no submarines
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• REPARATIONS- Most poisonous provision of treaty.
• Payments from Germans to repair all war
  damage.
  
• British and French felt damages should include
  the total costs of war (everything). Sum so huge
  it could not be named, and the Germans would be
  paying for ever.
• Germany signed the Versailles Treaty under
  protest. The USA Congress refused to ratify the
  treaty. Many people in France and Britain were
  angry that there was no trial of the Kaiser or
  the other war leaders

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League of Nations

• The League of Nations was an international
  organization created after the First World War.
  
• The Covenant establishing the League was part of
  the Treaty of Versailles.
  
• The aims of the League were to promote
  international co-operation and to achieve
  international peace and security.
  
• The League of Nations was an association of
  states which had pledged themselves, through
  signing the Covenant not to go to war before
  submitting their disputes with each other, or
  states not members of the League, to arbitration
  or enquiry.
• The League of Nations formally came into
  existence on January 10, 1920. The two official
  languages of the League were English and French.
  The headquarters of the League was Geneva,
  Switzerland.
• The main organs of the League of Nations were the
  General Assembly, the Council and the
  Secretariat. The Council included four permanent
  members (Britain, France, Italy and Japan) and
  four (later nine) others elected by the General
  Assembly every three years.

Armillary sphere, a symbol of the League of
Nations,
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(No Transcript)
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Opposition

• Wilson returns a hero.
• Senate needs to approve Versailles Treaty.
• Americans afraid of League of Nations and Article
  10- each member promises to respect and preserve
  all the other members against external
  aggression. Threatens our independence.
• Senate leaders Borah and Lodge lead opposition.
  Lodge doesnt trust Wilson
  
• Wison suffers stroke taking his appeal to the
  people.
  
• Wouldnt work with Senator Lodge.
• Harding wins the election of 1920 and America
  never approves the Versailles Treaty or joins the
  League of Nations.

William Borah
Henry Cabot Lodge