Chapter 25: The U'S' in WWII

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Chapter 25 The U.S. in WWII

• Section 1 Mobilizing for Defense
• Remember Pearl Harbor
• Expand draft to provide 10 million more soldiers
  to the 5 million volunteers
• Automobile plants retooled to produce tanks,
  planes, boats and cars for war
• Scientists OSRD office of scientific research
  and development- Manhattan Project
• Rationing- fixed allotment of goods-ration books
  with coupons for meat, shoes, sugar, coffee, and
  gasoline.

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Section 2

• Roosevelt and Churchill form an alliance.
• Churchill convinces Roosevelt to attack Hitler
• Battle of Atlantic-1942
• Hitler orders subs to raid ships on east coast of
  U.S. aimed to prevent food and war materials from
  reaching G.B.
• Germany was successful at first, but U.S.
  responded with convoy system for ships and using
  airplanes with radar to spot subs.
• Battle of Stalingrad
• Germans tried to take city. Soviets trapped
  Germans inside city-forced surrender ..Jan 31,
  1943

3
African Front Italian Campaign

• Operation Torch- invasion of Axis controlled
  North Africa led by D.Eisenhower
• November 1942-May 1943. Allies victorious
• Capture of Sicily (Italy) forced Mussolini to
  resign. He was arrested by the new king and
  Italians began to celebrate the end of war.
• Hitler wanted to stop the Allies in Italy.
• Battle of Anzio near Rome high casualties for
  both sides.
• Tuskegee Airman and Buffaloes were vital to
  allied victory.

4
Allies Liberate Europe

• D-Day June 6, 1944 largest land-sea-air
  operation in army history
• Battle of Bulge capture of first German town.
• Liberation of Death Camps- July 1944
• Soviet army storms Berlin (April 25, 1945)
• Surrender V-E Day May 8, 1945
• Victory in Europe

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Section 3 The War in the Pacific

• Japanese had conquered an empire in Asia and
  across the Pacific within six months after Pearl
  Harbor
• Doolittle Raid air raid on Japan
• Coral Sea- stop drive to Australia (air war)
• Midway- NW of Hawaii
• Japan sent 200 ships and 600 aircraft
• U.S. had more carriers than Japanese
  thought (USS Enterprise, USS Hornet USS
  Yorktown)
• U.S. defeats Japan proving Japans
  domination of the seas would be brief

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Allies on the Offensive

• Guadalcanal Solomon Islands
• August 1942 first Japanese defeat on land
• Battle of Leyte Gulf- Philippines
• MacArthur returns
• Iwo Jima
• Island crucial as U.S. base for bombers
• Heavily defended
• Okinawa
• Last obstacle to Japan islands

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Atomic Bomb

• The Manhattan Project- led by J. Robert
  Oppenheimer developed the atomic bomb
• Best kept secret of the war
• Truman (VP) did not know until he became
  President
• First test was in Alamogordo, New Mexico
• flash was visible 180 miles away.
• Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• B-29 bomber Enola Gay, bomb code name Little
  Boy August 6, 1945
• 3 days later, 2nd bomb Fat Man
• 200,000 deaths due to injuries, radiation poising

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• Emperor Hirohito surrenders on September 2,
  1945 VJ Day
• Nuremberg Trails
• 24 surviving Nazi leaders put on trial for crimes
  against humanity and peace and war crimes.
• 12 sentenced to death, rest sent to prison
• Later trails 200 more found guilty
• Yalta Conference- series of compromises with
  Churchill (G.B.) Stalin (U.S.S.R.) and FDR
• Temporary division of Germany
• Stalin agreed to join war with Japan
• United Nations

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Section 4 The Home Front

• Nation emerges at dominant economic and military
  power.
• Rosie the Riveter
• GI Bill of rights- provided education and
  training for veterans and federal loans

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Japanese Internment

• War Dept called for mass evacuation of all
  Japanese Americans from Hawaii after Pearl Harbor
• Feb 19, 1942 FDR signed an order removing people
  of Japanese Ancestry
• Necessary for National Security
• 110,000 shipped to 10 relocation centers
• No charges were ever filed or evidence of
  subversion found