BAQ 2004

1
Developing Integrated Emission Strategies for
Existing Land-transport (DIESEL)
Pilot Project in Bangkok, Thailand
Ms. Mingquan Wichayarungsalidh
Director of Air Quality and Noise Management
Bureau Pollution Control Department Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment Bangkok,
Thailand
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Background Information
Bangkok Total Area 1,568 km2 Population in 2002
5,782,159 Population Density 3,686 /km2
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Vehicle Trend Fuel Consumption
Trend of Vehicle 1992-2003
Fuel Product Sales 1992 - 2003
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Current State and Trends of the Air Quality in BKK
TSP
Annual standard 50 Ug/m3
PM10
Annual standard 0.1 mg/m3
Roadside PM10
Visibility
Ambient PM10
Visibility
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Major Sources of PM
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Sources of Air Pollution
A l l S o u r c e s
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High PM emission from Diesel
Very old age engine
Vehicle Congestion
High Dairy operation
Poor Maintenance
Over-loaded operation
Aggressive driving behavior
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Developing Integrated Emission Strategies for
Existing Land-Transport (DIESEL)
Introduction
All Asian cities are experiencing serious PM
pollution, including Bangkok.
The CAI-Asia conducted the DIESEL Pilot in
Bangkok

• The ultimate goals of the project are
• To gain a better understanding of factors
  affecting
• in-use diesel vehicle emissions.
• To assess alternative mitigation options to
  assist
• decision making in developing countries.

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Organization Structure
Advisory
Operational

• Project Management Team
• Manager (PCD)
• Coordinator
• Technical Advisor
• Assistant

• Local Steering Committee
• Chair
• Representative from
• PCD, BMTA, NGO,
• NEPO, BMA, University

Bangkok

• Advisory Committee
• AQM specialist
• Transport policy sp.
• Development sp.
• Vehicle technology sp.
• Fuel sp.

• CAI-Asia Sub-committee
• Funding partners
• Two Regional Reps.

International
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DIESEL Pilot Process
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Developing Integrated Emission Strategies for
Existing Land-Transport (DIESEL)
Components

• Three scope of work for project
• Component 1 City Specific Data
• Component 2 Policy and Technical Options
• Analysis Testing of Options
• Component 3 Evaluation and Dissemination

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Component 1 City Specific Data
PM concentration
Fuel
Vehicle Operation Validation
Health Effect
Vehicle Emission
Vehicle Taxation
Transport Policy
ETC.
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Component 1 City Specific Data
Diesel Vehicle Operation Validation
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Component 1 City Specific Data

• DIESEL Emission data
• Total number of samples for developing Emission
  Factors
• Total 200 vehicles
• 155 Heavy duty diesel vehicles
• Plus 30 Heavy duty diesel vehicles under Diesel
  Retrofit Project
• 50 Light duty diesel vehicles
• Plus 15 Light duty diesel vehicles under
  Chiangmai Biodiesel Project
• Pollutants
• Particulate Matter (PM)
• Second-by-second
• Total emission
• Opacity Test
• Second-by-second
• Snap acceleration
• Gaseous Emission (CO, CO2, HC, NOx)
• Second-by-second

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Component 1 City Specific Data

• DIESEL Test Protocol
• Three Test Protocol
• Bus
• Truck
• Light duty diesel vehicle
• Cycles
• Inspection Cycle
• Short cycle (3 minutes)
• Improve inspection program
• Bangkok Driving Cycle (30 minutes)
• Develop Emission Factors
• Total Emission by diesel vehicles in Bangkok
• European Cycle (10 20 minutes)
• Comparing emission from Bangkok to other cities

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Component 2 Policy and Technical Options

• Technical options to reduce Diesel pollution
• Better Inspection and Maintenance program
• Retrofit by using after-treatment technology
• Re-powering by using either high quality
  second-hand or new engine
• Alternative Fuel
• Clean Fuel
• New vehicle technology
• Related Programs
• Driver Clinic
• Preventive maintenance program
• Retrofit and Re-powering program
• Emission and safety inspection program
• Bus Priority Program

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Where are we now?
We are here
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Expected Output

• Emission from Diesel Vehicles
• City-Specific Database
• Bangkok Ambient PM concentration
• In-use vehicle database
• Diesel Pollution Reduction Strategies
• IDEAS model
• Decision making tools
• Cost-benefit analysis for each diesel pollution
  option
• Suitable Diesel Pollution Reduction Strategies
  for Bangkok
• Recommendation strategies for reduce diesel
  pollution from DIESEL project to Bangkok city
• Dissemination of possible strategies to other
  cities

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Merits for Project Stakeholders

• Air Quality Improvement
• Better transport system
• Lesson learn from Bangkok
• Decreased Fuel Consumption
• Increased Income
• Report/ information
• Cleaner air
• Economical/ environmental transport system

• City of Bangkok
• Other cities
• Diesel fleet Operators
• Financial institutions
• Bangkok citizens

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Challenges Ahead

• Local, national and international cooperation
• In-depth data used
• Resources to finance the DIESEL Pilot
• From strategy to real-world implementation
• Long-term sustainability and continuous updating
  of information

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Thank you for your attention For more
information, please visit our website at
www.pcd.go.th/diesel