THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

1
THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
2
SKELETON

• 206 BONES
• 300 AT BIRTH? FUSE TOGHETHER
• 14 OF BODY WEIGHT

3
ROLE OF THE SKELETON

• SUPPORT BODY
• MOVEMENT
• PROTECTS VITAL ORGANS
• PRODUCTION OF BLOOD CELLS
• RESERVOIR FOR MINERALS

4
AXIAL SKELETON

• MAIN AXIS
• SKULL, SPINE, RIB CAGE

5
APPENDICULAR SKELETON

• LIMBS
• INCLUDES SHOULDER AND PELVIC GIRDLE

6
ANATOMY OF A LONG BONE

• ARTICULATING CARTILAGE
• BOTH ENDS OF BONE
• SMOOTH ? MOVEMENT AT JOINTS
• NO BLOOD OR NERVE SUPPLY
• PERIOSTEUM
• OUTER CONNECTIVE TISSUE? SKIN
• COVERS ENTIRE BONE EXCEPT CARTILAGE
• ALLOWS FOR STRONGER ATTACHMENT OF LIGAMENTS,
  TENDONS AND MUSCLES

7

• MEDULLARY CAVITY
• INSIDE SHAFT
• FILLED WITH RED AND YELLOW MARROW
• MARROW PRODUCES BLOOD CELLS
• BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT FOR LUKEMIA
• COMPACT BONE
• DENSE PART
• STRUCTURE
• THICKEST ALONG DIAPHYSIS

8

• DIAPHYSIS
• LENGTH OF BONE ? SHAFT
• EPIPHYSIS
• ENDS OF BONE
• CANCELLOUS BONE (SPONGY)
• FULL OF MARROW
• FOUND IN EPIPHYSIS
• VIDEO? THE SKELETON

9
BONE CLASSIFICATION
10
OSSIFICATION

• FORMATION OF BONE TISSUE
• BONE FORMING CELLS
• OSTEOBLASTS

11
EPIPHYSEAL PLATE/LINE

• PLATE
• GROWTH PLATE
• SPACES VISIBLE ON X-RAY
• GROWTH MAY STILL OCCUR
• LINE
• NO SPACE ON X-RAY?SOLID
• GROWTH HAS FINISHED
• BOTH USED AS TOOL IN FORENSICS

12
SIMPLE, COMPOUND AND COMMINUTED FRACTURES

• SIMPLE
• NO SEPARATION OF BONE
• HAIR LINE FRACTURE
• COMPOUND
• BONE BREAKS INTO SEPARATE PIECES
• COMMINUTED
• BONE SHATTERS INTO TINY PIECES

13
COMPOUND FRACTURE
14
COMMINUTED FRACTURE
15
STRESS FRACTURE

• MUSCLES GET TIRED AND CANT ABSORB SHOCK
• IMPACT TRANSFERRED TO BONE
• TINY CRACK ON BONE
• VERY DIFFICULT TO DETECT

16
OSTEOPOROSIS

• LOW BONE MASS
• DETERIORATION OF BONE TISSUE
• SILENT DISEASE
• CAN BE FIXED WITH PROPER DIET (Ca AND VIT D)
  AND WEIGHT BEARING EXERCISE

17
THE UPPER BODY
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
(No Transcript)
34
(No Transcript)