Functional Anatomy

1
Functional Anatomy

• Skeleton
• Provides framework for entire body
• 205 total bones
• Joints
• Articulations (unions) between bones
• Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints
• Fibrous
• No joint cavity
• Bones are united by fibrous tissue
• Cartilaginous
• Bones are united by cartilage

2
Skeletal structure
3
Classification of Joints

• Synovial
• Joint capsule consists of two layers
• Synovial membrane
• Delicate sleeve-like layer of specialized
  connective tissue
• This membrane secretes synovial fluid for
  lubrication
• Fibrous membrane (capsular ligament)
• Fibrous sleeve covering the synovial membrane

4
Connective Tissue Bands

• Ligaments
• Connective tissue bands that extend from bone to
  bone
• Tendons
• Connective tissue bands that connect muscle to
  bone

5
Major bones of the forelimb

• Radius
• Ulna
• Carpus
• III metacarpal
• Proximal Phalanx
• P1, long pastern
• Middle phalanx
• P2, short pastern
• Distal Phalanx (P3, coffin)
• Sesmoid
• Proximal
• Distal (Navicular)

6
Major forelimb joints

• shoulder
• elbow
• Carpus
• Fetlock joint
• Metacarparophalageal joint
• Pasturn joint
• Proximal interphalngeal joint
• Coffin joint
• Distal interphalangeal joint

7
Major Hindlimb Joints

• Stifle
• Hock (tarsus)
• Fetlock
• Metarsophalangeal joint
• Pastern
• Proximal interphalangeal joint
• Coffin joint
• distal interphalangeal joint

8
Major bones of the hindlimb

• Femur
• Patella
• Tibia
• Fibula
• Tarsus
• III Metatarsal
• Proximal phalanx
• P1, long pastern
• Middle phalanx
• P2, short pastern
• Distal phalanx
• P3, coffin
• Sesmoid
• Proximal
• Distal (navicular)

9
Vision

• Monocular vision
• Sight out of each eye different
• Binocular vision
• Both eyes are same
• Eyes set wide on forehead
• Increased field of vision
• Need time to adjust to light changes

10
Vision

• Distance
• Raise head to focus on close objects
• Lower head to focus on distant objects
• Normal head carriage for middle distance
• Blind spots
• Directly below
• Directly behind
• In front

11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)