Phases of Matter

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Phases of Matter
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Physical Properties

• - characteristics of a substance that can be
  observed without changing the identity of the
  substance.

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• It is still made of exactly the same substance.
• For example
• 1. cutting wood its still wood
• 2. Ice, water (liquid) water vapor still H2O

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Phases of Matter

• Matter can exist in 4 phases (states)
• 1. solid
• 2. liquid
• 3. gas
• 4. plasma

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Solids

• Two characteristics
• 1. definite shape
• 2. definite volume

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WHY???

• The tiny particles that make up a solid are
  packed closely together. The particles cannot
  move far from their places. Therefore it is able
  to keep a definite shape.

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Two types of arrangements.

• 1. Crystalline solids particles inside arranged
  in a regular, repeating pattern called a crystal.
• Keep a definite shape

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• Amorphous solids particles inside are not in a
  pattern.
• Lose their shapes under certain conditions.
• Examples tar, candle wax and window glass

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Liquids

• DO NOT have a definite shape, but DO have a
  definite volume.
• Liquids take the shape of the container they are
  in.
• 1 liter is still one liter no matter what you put
  in it.

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• Particles are close together, but not as close
  as in a solid.
• Particles are free to move they flow around
  each other.

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Viscosity

• The resistance of a liquid to flow.
• This is why some liquids flow more easily than
  others.

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Gases

• No definite shape
• No definite volume

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Gases

• Fill all available space in a container

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Gases

• The particles can spread far apart or be packed
  very close together.
• Particles can easily move around each other.
• Particles of a gas are in constant motion.

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Pressure

• The effect of the collisions of particles with
  the environment it is in.
• More collisions high pressure
• Fewer collisions low pressure

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Boyles Law

• Boyles Law is the relationship between volume and
  pressure.
• Deals with pressure and volume only.
• States that if the volume of the gas decreases,
  the pressure increases or if the volume
  increases, the pressure decreases.

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Charles Law

• Deals with volume and temperature only
• If the temperature increases, the volume
  increases.

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Plasma

• Very high temperature to form
• Rare on Earth
• Found only in the laboratory or in space.

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Changes of Matter
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Physical Change

• A change of matter from one form to another
  without a change in chemical properties.

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• Examples
• Breaking a piece of chalk
• Dissolving sugar
• Melting ice
• Mixing oil and vinegar

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• Physical changes do not change a substances
  identity.
• Example melting, freezing and evaporating.

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• Dissolving is a physical change.
• Examples sugar in water

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• Separating mixtures is a physical change.

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Chemical Changes

• A change that occurs when a substance changes
  composition by forming one or more new substances.

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Examples of Chemical Changes

• When a battery dies
• When fruits and vegetables ripen
• When you digest food
• When you breathe oxygen

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• Chemical changes form new substances that have
  different properties.
• Example baking a cake

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• Chemical changes can be detected.
• A change in color or odor
• Fizzing or foaming
• Production of sound, light or odor

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• Chemical changes cannot be reversed by physical
  changes.

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• Compounds can be broken down through chemical
  changes.