Jeff Key

1
Jeff Key NOAA/NESDISVladimir Ryabinin WCRP
A presentation to the IGOS Partners IGOS-P-14,
Paris, 30 May 2007
2
The cryosphere collectively describes elements of
the earth system containing water in its frozen
state and includes sea ice, lake and river ice,
snow cover, solid precipitation, glaciers, ice
caps, ice sheets, permafrost and seasonally
frozen ground. The cryosphere exists at all
latitudes and in about one hundred countries.
3
Cryosphere Theme Goals

• To create a framework for improved coordination
  of cryospheric observations conducted by
  research, long-term scientific monitoring, and
  operational programmes
• To achieve better availability and accessibility
  of data and information needed for both
  operational services and research
• To strengthen national and international
  institutional structures responsible for
  cryospheric observations
• To increase resources for ensuring the transition
  of research-based cryosphere observing projects
  to sustained observations.

The Cryosphere Theme proposal was approved
at IGOSP-11, Rome, Italy, 27 May 2004
4
Theme Team

• Leadership
• Jeff Key, Chair USA
• Mark Drinkwater, Vice-chair Netherlands
• Jinro Ukita, Vice-chair Japan
• Vladimir Ryabinin, WCRP
• Marzena Kaczmarska, SCAR
• Colin Summerhayes SCAR 
• Barry Goodison, Canada
• Victoria Lytle, CliC 
• Don Hinsman (liaison to IGOS) WMO
• Technical support
• Angelique Prick, CliC 

Main authors Jerry Brown, USA Don Cline,
USA Josephino Comiso, USA Claude Duguay,
Canada Guido Grosse, USA Ken Jezek, USA Paul Joe,
Canada Boele Kuipers, Norway Rob Massom,
Australia Walt Meier, USA Frank Paul,
Switzerland Helmut Rott, Austria Sharon Smith,
Canada Stein Tronstad, Norway Daqing Yang,
USA Tingjun Zhang, USA
Contributions from 80 people in 17 countries
throughout the development phase.
5
Approach

• Determine our observational capabilities,
• Define observational requirements,
• Identify gaps,
• Make recommendations based on the gaps,
• Set the stage for implementation.
• Implementation itself is the second phase of the
  theme process.

6
We did not start from scratch

• Previous IGOS reports
• GCOS Implementation Plan
• CEOS/GCOS document on the satellite observations
  for UNFCCC
• IPY documentation including project proposals
• CliC project plans documentation
• Plans of various science and observing programs
• WMO compendium of observational requirements

7
Developmentweb site
http//igos-cryosphere.org
8
Workshops

• 1st Workshop, Kananaskis, Canada, March 2005,
  supported by CSA, 22 participants

• 2nd Workshop, hosted by JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan,
  April 2006, supported by JAXA and JAMSTEC, 36
  participants

• 3rd Workshop, hosted by ESA, ESTEC, Noordwijk,
  The Netherlands, October 2006, supported by
  NOAA and NASA, 24 participants

9
Blog
The report was open for public comment November
2006 - January 2007
The report represents a broad consensus on the
development of cryospheric observations
Forum
10
The Report
Preface Foreword Executive Summary 1. The
Cryosphere Theme 2. Applications of Cryospheric
Data 3. Terrestrial Snow 4. Sea Ice 5. Lake
and River Ice 6. Ice Sheets 7. Glaciers and Ice
Caps 8. Surface Temperature and Albedo 9.
Permafrost and Seasonally Frozen Ground 10. Solid
Precipitation 11. An Integrated and Coordinated
Observing System 12. Implementation App. A.
References App. B. Observational Capabilities and
Requirements App. C. Satellite Missions in
Support of the Theme App. D. Acronyms App. E.
Contributors
11
Ch 1 The CryosphereTheme
Ch 2 Applications of Cryospheric Data
Definition of the cryosphere Scope and Objectives
Cryosphere, Weather, and Climate Importance of
the Cryosphere for Society (including GEO SBAs)
12
Chs 3-10 cryospheric elements

• Terrestrial Snow
• Sea Ice
• Lake and River Ice
• Ice Sheets
• Glaciers and Ice Caps
• Surface Temperature and Albedo
• Permafrost and Seasonally Frozen Ground
• Solid Precipitation

Role in Earth system Status of observations
Shortcomings, gaps Concise element-specificrecom
mendations
13
Ch 11 An Integrated and Coordinated System (1)
Ground based observations
Satellite remote sensing

• SAR
• InSAR
• PM
• Altimetry
• Radar Scatterometry
• VIS to Thermal IR
• Gravity
• Ground control
• Major Gaps (mostly NPOESS)

Airborne observations
Modelling, Data Assimilation,
Reanalysis
Data and Information Management Vision
Related Systems
14
An Integrated and Coordinated System (2)
Integrated near-real time products CEOP-like
approach
More stations
Cryo Obs
Cryo Models
Some stations
In-Situ Data Archiving Center
Model Output Data Archiving Center
Data Integrating/Archiving Center
Cryo Products!
Joint with IGWCO, built around snow and precip
15
Ch 12 Implementation Actions (1)
Table 12.1. Implementation actions in three
timeframes.
Space Infrastructure Near Surface AUV/UAVs In
Situ Infrastructure Data and Data
Management Integrative Actions
 
16
Ch 12 Implementation (2)
Phases 1 2007-2009, IPY. CliC IPY project The
State and Fate of the Cryosphere (cluster
lead). 2 2010-2015. Preserve the legacy of the
IPY observing and data and information management
system expand system to the global cryosphere
realize plans or concepts for space observing
systems for the cryosphere. 3 After 2015.
Implement (hopefully) previously recommended
space missions that fill key observational gaps,
as well as routine in situ observations of such
essential parameters as solid precipitation
and/or snow water equivalent.
17
Ch 12 Implementation (3)

• Linkages
• Implementation of CryOS as a stand-alone system
  would be nonsensical. Integration with other
  programs is essential.
• Links within IGOS and IGOS Themes
• Links to other international programs (GCOS,
  GTOS, etc.)
• Cryospheric community of practice

• Governance
• WCRP/CliC and ICSU/SCAR, together with reps of
  GEO and IPY.
• Suggest that a permanent position or office to
  monitor and coordinate the implementation of
  CryOS be established.
• CryOS implementation should be led by an
  oversight committee with expertise in the various
  cryosphere domains, as well as expertise in
  satellite and in situ systems.

This part of the report has been modified or
added based on the CEOS SIT review.
18
Ch 12 Implementation (4)

• Commitments
• Support to date (travel, staff)
• Space agencies - CSA, ESA, NOAA/NESDIS, NASA,
  JAXA
• International bodies - ICSU/SCAR, WCRP/CliC
• Research institutes - JAMSTEC
• Capacity building and implementation might be
  undertaken as follows
• The IGOS Partners agree on the lead institution.
• The IGOS Partners, and/or GEO, form a CryOS
  implementation group consisting of
  representatives from the major partners and
  stakeholders.
• The CEOS Strategic Implementation Team (SIT) and
  WMO review the CryOS recommendations and indicate
  ways in which space and other agencies contribute
  to satellite and in situ observations of the
  cryosphere.
• The lead institution and stakeholders works with
  national and international funding agencies to
  incorporate the Theme recommendations into
  existing programs or to develop new programs.
• The CryOS implementation team works with the
  other IGOS Themes and relevant partners (GCOS,
  GTOS, etc.) to avoid duplication of effort.

WMO Initiative Global Cryospheric Watch
This part of the report has been modified or
added based on the CEOS SIT review.
19

• Already Achieved an Impact

Contributions to IPY planning (multiple
projects) IPY Task in GEO 10-year Work Plan
(CL-06-05) Improved coverage of cryospheric
elements in the GCOS Implementation Plan (autumn
2004) at the Theme initial phase Contribution to
GCOS-CEOS plan of development of satellite-based
products for UNFCCC (2006) Work with GEO, GCOS
SC, OOPC, GTOS increased awareness Support to
CryoSat-2, re-launch 2009 Impact on ESA Earth
Observation Programme CoreH2O (snow hydrology)
mission, possibility of secondary cryospheric
objective on BIOMASS mission Team strengthening,
awareness developing, community forming
20
(No Transcript)
21
Supplemental Slides
22
CEOS SIT Comments on the Report

• Overall This is an extremely impressive piece of
  work which explores in detail the capabilities,
  requirements and gaps for observations of the
  Cryosphere. It says a lot about what agencies,
  frameworks, linkages and resources will be
  required for its implementation but its hard to
  extract a clear message of who exactly will be
  involved and how they will be resourced. Perhaps
  this is as far as the community can and should go
  at this stage, in particular given the evolution
  of IGOS-P.
• CryOS Who will be involved? WMO, ICSU, IOC of
  UNESCO, WCRP through CliC and SCAR, GEO, and the
  IPY community. How will they be resourced? IPY
  has significant funding (indirect), WMO Congress
  15 has resolved to initiate, with suitable
  partners, a Global Cryospheric Watch. Additional
  sources of direct support will be identified by
  CliC and SCAR as the next step of the process.

23
CEOS SIT Comments, cont.

• 1. Is the report suitably concise and clear?
• SIT The report is extremely long at 138 pages
  but very well structured and presented in a way
  which makes the information accessible. The
  length perhaps reflects the multi-dimensional
  nature of the subject of the Cryosphere. The
  report is an impressive collection of information
  on the topic and will undoubtedly represent a
  milestone and reference document for the relevant
  communities over time.
• CryOS This is a crosscutting theme and is unlike
  the other themes in terms of its scope. The many
  domains of the cryosphere glaciers, ice sheets,
  sea ice, freshwater ice, snow, solid
  precipitation, and frozen ground - justify the
  level of detail without compromising the delivery
  of a robust set of recommendations for each
  domain.
• Nevertheless, since the SIT review the report
  length has been further reduced by 16 pages.
• 2. All the various stages of each process are
  fully described?
• SIT Yes. The emphasis is very much on
  observations, and much lighter in terms of data
  integration, etc.
• CryOS (No response necessary)

24
CEOS SIT Comments, cont.

• 3. Commitments Details of commitments
  requirements which are in place, planned, and
  elements which are lacking?
• SIT Substantial detail provided parameter by
  parameter in sections 3-10.
• CryOS (No response necessary)
• 4. Objectives Measurable objectives are
  addressed?
• SIT Substantial detail provided - parameter by
  parameter and higher level (programmatic)
  milestones identified. 3 phases are proposed in
  order to better manage the process.
• CryOS (No response necessary)
• 5. Feedback mechanisms to assess success?
• SIT The following is the extent of the texts,
  from page 95 of the report text not repeated
  here
• CryOS The section on feedback has been expanded
  somewhat to include review workshops at
  three-year intervals, and dates for the first
  formal review and a Report update (2010-11). The
  cryosphere community of practice discussion was
  moved to the new Assessment and Feedback section.

25
CEOS SIT Comments, cont.

• 6. Data and information issues are addressed?
• SIT Section 11.5 addresses these issues. It is
  not addressed in anywhere near as much detail as
  the observations. For example, on data
  integration CEOP is cited as a good example and
  the digital globes technology is cited as being
  of interest. But there is no concrete
  specification or vision of the data and
  information aspects of the CryOS. An
  understanding of what will be necessary is
  presented. Perhaps its unrealistic in this report
  to expect too much.
• CryOS Our vision is stated in the first sentence
  of that section CryOS envisions an integrative
  approach to processing and managing cryospheric
  data, where data from multiple sources are
  routinely combined to create higher-level
  products that can be easily used for integrated
  analyses. The example of CEOP is appropriate.
  Our vision does not differ significantly from the
  CEOP model. This has been clarified (somewhat) in
  the report.
• 7. Delivered to IGOS-P Co-Chairs 5 weeks ahead of
  review meeting?
• SIT Yes - received on 16 April.
• CryOS (No response necessary)
• 8. Team leadership specified?
• SIT Yes - WCRP/CliC and ICSU/SCAR. Other IGOS
  Partners are cited but there is no short and
  clear list of the intended team - or of intended
  participants by name.
• CryOS The governance discussion has been put in
  a separate section and clarified.

26
CEOS SIT Comments, cont.

• 9. Roles and responsibilities between users and
  providers clearly defined in considerable detail
  after appropriate consultations.
• SIT There is considerable discussion within
  section 12 on the various linkages required
  including use of a cryospheric community of
  practice. It would be useful to hear in
  presentation a specific response from the team on
  this point.
• CryOS All principal stakeholders for all
  cryosphere domains are identified in the report.
  The majority of them are involved now. We will
  work with the remaining groups in the coming
  months. Our integration vision includes all
  essential groups.
• 10. Resources clearly identified
• SIT There is no estimate of required resources
  or specific sources identified for their
  provisionPerhaps this could be a further point
  to be explored in detail at P-14).
• CryOS A section on commitments has been added,
  with implementation considerations. We envision
  the implementation of the report recommendations
  as the next step, resulting in an implementation
  plan that clearly identifies resources for each
  action/recommendation. We hope that the IGOS
  Partners will have suggestions in this regard at
  IGOS-P-14.