Organic and Biochemistry

1
Organic and Biochemistry

• Chapter 18

2
Organic Molecules

• Carbon - needs 4 bonds
• Oxygen - needs 2 bonds
• Hydrogen - needs 1 bond
• Single, Double, Triple bonds
• Isomers and Rings
• Basic tetrahedral shape

3
Pentene - C5H10

• Straight chain (versus ring)
• Unsaturated (versus saturated)

4
Functional Groups

• Alcohol ROH
• Carboxylic Acid RCOOH
• Ester RCOOR
• Ether ROR
• Aldehyde RCHO
• Ketone RCOR
• Amine RNH2

5
Innumerable Carbon Molecules

• Isomers (same formula, different structure)
• Very long chains (polymers with 1000s of carbon
  atoms in them)
• Multiple Functional Groups
• Amino Acids
• Glycine NH2CH2COOH

6
Major Classes of Biomolecules

• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids
• Lipids
• Carbohydrates

7
Carbohydrates

• Basic formula are multiples of CH2O
• Glucose (C6H12O6)
• Ribose (C5H10O5)
• Nature uses only a limited number of these types
  of molecules (mostly Glucose)

8
Carbohydrates

• Two sugars form Lactose, Sucrose and other food
  sugars
• Polysaccharides (cell walls in plants as
  cellulose, starch as food, amylose/glycogen as
  energy storage)

9
Lipids

• Long tails (hydrocarbon)
• Polar head groups (phosphate sometimes)