Presentaci

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4º WORLD WATER FORUM Session FT3.17 Governance
for local water and sanitation services Needs
of cities in developing countries and responses
from international iniciatives. Water supply
and sanitation services in Latin America Mexico
City, March 2006
Javier Mijangos Director of DINOSAAIDIS
Juan Pablo Schifini Vice President of AIDIS IV
Region
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THE LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES

• ARGENTINA
• BRASIL
• CHILE
• PARAGUAY
• URUGUAY
• BOLIVIA
• PERU
• ECUADOR
• VENEZUELA
• COLOMBIA
• PANAMA
• COSTA RICA
• NICARAGUA
• HONDURAS
• NICARAGUA
• EL SALVADOR
• GUATEMALA
• MEXICO
• REPUBLICA DOMINICANA

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OVERVIEW OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION IN LATIN
AMERICA
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COUNTRIES
Latin American Countries lt 80 Need
control Insufficient High Not assessed (in
most cases) gt 40 Without
control Deficient
COVERAGE SERVICE QUALITY INFRAESTRUCTURE NEE
D OF INVESTMENTS WATER RESOURCES NEED OF NEW
SERVICES WATER LOSSES MAINTENANCE
Developed Countries gt 95
Guaranteed Suitable Low Assessed lt
20 Low Suitable
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COUNTRIES II
PLANNNG SERVICE PROVIDER COMPANY TARIFF COM
PANY RISKS POLITICAL INFLUENCE SOCIAL NEEDS
Developed countries Continuous Steady
The operation costs and financial support are
covered Low Low Low
L.A. countries Dicontinue Unsteady Low
High High Very High
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SERVICES

• Are mainly a local services
• The services are a continuous industrial
  activities.
• The services are a monopoly
• The profit (internal return rate), is low
• The waterworks are hidden

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SOME CONSIDERATIONS (that should be taken into
account)

• The water is a social good

The water is a natural environment - resource
The water is an economic good
The comunity participation is important
The drinking water management has a political
dimension
The fresh water is a world strategic good
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HISTORICAL CHANGES OF THE WATER CONCEPT

• In Latin America the water was considered only as
  a social good, and therefore the services were
  provided by public organisations (monopoly),
  without regulation nor control.
• During the later 20th Century began to consider
  the water as natural resource, and rise the
  awareness to the environment protection.
• Now the water is considering as an economic good,
  plus the social good and natural resources.

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NEED TO ADJUST THE INSTITUTIONAL MODEL

• There is a political need to adjust the
  institutional model to compliance both, social
  and environment objectives.
• In many countries the sectorial development was
  delayed by the not comprehension of above need by
  the decision makers.
• Those needs should be taken into account by the
  decision makers.

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INSTITUTIONAL MODEL PROPOSALS

• Long term Planning
• Control of the monopoly
• Regulation and control of the quality services.
• Separation of functions

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ACTUAL SITUATION

• Many goverments institutions have influence over
  the water and wastewater services management and,
  in most cases, there is not institutional
  coordination.
• The provider must to compliance a lot of
  regulations at different levels (National, State,
  Municipal)
• In most cases the authorities, as well the
  operators, provide not trusting information.
• The relationship between the Government and
  operators must to be taken by the decisión makers

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ACTUAL SITUATION II

• There is not planification on the water resources
  management
• Operators draw up the regulations
• The new investments are mainly targeted to the
  sewerage and wastewater treatment plants.

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ACTUAL SITUATION III

• The water supply and sewerage services are
  working as a branch of other strongest sectors
  like
• Public Health
• Public Works
• Environment
• Water Resources

SUBSECTOR APS
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ACTUAL SITUATION IV

• Water and sanitation have been never considered a
  relevant sector.
• So There is a low technical assistance
• There is a low investment
• There is a low trainning
• It needed means and tools to become the water
  supply and sewerage services as a relevant sector
  to National level.

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SOME CONSIDERATION (to be taken into account) II

• The water supply and the wastewater services
  should to be an independent sector linked
  directly with the government authority who
  develops the national policies
• The water supply and wastewater sector should
  participate directly in its actions planning, (in
  the framework of the national planning)

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TOPICS AFFECTING THE SECTOR

• PUBLIC HEALTH RESTRICTIONS
• ENVIRONMENT RESTRICTIONS
• BASIN RIVERS INADEQUATE MANAGEMENT
• POLITICAL INTERVENTION
• INADEQUATE FINANCIAL
• INADEQUATE PRIORITIZATION OF THE NATIONAL
  PLANNING
• INADEQUATE PRIORITIZATION OF THE WATER USES
  ASSIGNMENT
• INADEQUATE REGULATION AND CONTROL

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SOME CONSIDERATIONS (to be taken into account)
III
Concession of water useConcession of services

• The concession of the water uses should to be
  given by the water resource management
  authority. This authority is not in charge of the
  water and wastewater services sector.
• The concession of the services must to be given
  by the owner of the services (national,
  provincial or municipal), with the ageement of
  the regulatory authority.
• If these concepts are not clear, there is a
  serious risk to be taken as such by laws and
  decrees, as well the press and the population. If
  so, would affect seriously the services
  operation.
• This is a most common situation in many L.A.
  countries

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Thanks for your attention!!!Mr. Javier
Mijangose-mail jmijangos_at_medioambiente.gov.ar
Tel [phone]/8646