Ancient Rome

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Ancient Rome
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Questions

• How did the Romans organize their government to
  prevent the rise of a monarch?
• What enabled the Roman Republic to conquer so
  much territory?
• Why did the Republic fall, and how was the Empire
  created?
• How did the emperors hold their empire together?

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Chronology

• Roman Republic 509-31 B.C.
• Early Republic 509-264 B.C.
• Middle Republic 264-133 B.C.
• 2nd Punic (Hannibalic) War 218-202
• Late Republic
• Assassination of Julius Caesar March 15, 44 B.C.
• Roman Empire 30 B.C.- A.D. 476
• Julio-Claudian Dynasty 30 B.C.-A.D. 68
• Good Emperors 96-180 A.D.
• Empire in Crisis 180-284 A.D.
• Late Empire 284-476 A.D.

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Early Rome

• Geography
• The Roman Republic (509-30 B.C.)
• Oligarchy
• Senate
• Collegial
• Annual

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Conquest and Politics

• Virtus
• Gloria
• Triumph
• The Italian System
• Carthage and Hannibal
• 2nd Punic War (218-202)
• Macedon and Greece
• Spain and Asia

Italian Soldiers ca. 2nd c. B.C.
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From Republic to Empire

• Attempts at Land Reform
• Tiberius Gracchus (d. 133) and Gaius Gracchus (d.
  121)
• Civil Wars (49 B.C.-31 B.C.)
• March 15, 44 B.C. (Ides of March)
• Augustus Caesar (r. 30 B.C. A.D. 14)
• 1st Emperor
• Defeated rivals and became sole ruler
• Principate
• Army
• Bread and Circuses
• Julio-Claudian Dynasty (30 B.C. A.D. 68)
• Nero (r. A.D. 54 A.D. 68)
• The Problem of Succession

Julius Caesar
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A mosaic depicting Gladiators
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The High Empire

• The Five Good Emperors
• A.D. 96 A.D. 180
• Pax Romana (Roman Peace)
• Romanization

The Roman Aqueduct at Segovia, Spain
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