From Republic to Empire

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From Republic to Empire
From Republic To Empire

• The Four Periods of Expansion

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1st Period of ExpansionRomes Conquest of the
Italian Peninsula

• 509-264 BC
• Last Etruscan king overthrown in 509 BC
• Used new Latin allies to defeat powerful tribes
• Consolidated control over territory by
• Establishing military colonies
• Offering Roman citizenship to those that adopted
  Latin and promised to obey Roman laws
• Did not interfere with allies as long as they
  promised to serve in army and pay Roman taxes
• Expansion brought Rome into conflict with Carthage

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2nd Period of ExpansionOverseas Expansion during
the Punic Wars

• 264-146 BC
• During this time period Rome fought 3 wars with
  Carthage over control of Mediterranean
• Hannibal destroyed crops, cattle, and houses
  during his attack on Rome
• In 146 BC Carthage was burned, and 50,000 people
  were sold into slavery
• Gained control of N. Africa, Sicily, Greece,
  Macedonia, and much of Spain

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3rd Period of ExpansionExpansion during the
Final Years of the Republic

• 145-44 BC
• Huge gap between rich and poor
• More slavery
• Romans referred to Mediterranean as Our sea
• Rivalries between generals led to civil wars
  until Julius Caesar came to power

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Julius Caesar in the 3rd Period

• Julius Caesar forms a triumvirate with Crassus
  and Pompey
• They come into conflict and Caesar wins and
  becomes sole ruler (dictator)
• Caesars Contributions
• Granted citizenship to people outside of Italy
• Reduced slave labor
• Invented our current calendar
• He made land reforms and gave land to the poor.
• Killed on the Senate floor by Crassus and Brutus
  in 44BC

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The Fourth Period of ExpansionRome becomes an
Empire

• 44 BC-14 C.E.
• Octavian a.k.a. Augustus Caesar was Romes
  First emperor
• Given the name Augustus (means revered one by
  Senate
• He was the absolute ruler of 70 to 100 million
  people
• The Pax Romana (Roman peace) lasted 200 years
• Rebuilt Rome
• Roads, Temples, and first library
• To improve Roman morals Augustus harshly punished
  those that were unfaithful to their spouses
• Failed to develop a system for the selection of
  future emperors

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• Pretend you have been commissioned to write a
  poem praising the growth of the Roman Empire.
  Your poem should
• Contain 6 short stanzas, each one sentence long
• Be written so that the first letters of the
  poems stanzas spell out the word EMPIRE
• Incorporate vivid language, like that used in a
  eulogy
• Here is an example of what the first line might
  look like
• Emboldened by their defeat of the Etruscans, the
  mighty Romans confidently set out to bring the
  entire Italian peninsula under their control!