Ancient Rome: Punic Wars

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Ancient Rome Punic Wars

• SOL WHI.6d, e, f

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Roman Expansion

• After Rome overthrew the Etruscan government they
  began to expand through military conquest and
  political policies. By 265 B.C/B.C.E the Romans
  had expanded its territory to include most of the
  Italian Peninsula.
• Military
• The Roman army played a big role in their
  expansion. All adult male citizens were required
  to serve in the army. The main unit of the Roman
  army was the legion. The Legionnaires consisted
  of 4,500-6,000 citizens. These men were well
  trained and disciplined.

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Roman Expansion

• Political Policies
• As Rome conquered neighboring territories they
  implemented political policies that would ensure
  loyalty. They granted full citizenship to nearby
  Italian cities and partial citizenship to cities
  further away. Partial citizenship allowed people
  to own property and marry but not vote. All
  conquered people were required to provide land
  for Roman farmers and distant allies could remain
  independent as long as they provided soldiers for
  the Roman army

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Prelude to the Punic Wars
Why do you think these two empires went to war?
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1st Punic War

• When 264 B.C./B.C.E and lasted 23 years
• Cause Rome feared Carthage would gain control of
  all of Sicily and cross the Strait of Messina
  into Italy.
• Rome came to the aid of the city of Messina as it
  rebelled against Carthaginian rule. This would be
  the catalyst for the wars.
• Events of the War During this war Rome would
  build a navy using a captured Carthaginian ship
  as a model. They would also use boarding bridges
  for hand to hand combat aboard enemy ships.
• Outcome In 241 B.C./B.C.E a peace agreement was
  signed and Carthage had to give up Sicily and
  some money. After the war some Roman senators
  renegotiated the peace terms and acquired the
  island of Corsica and Sardinia.

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Roman Empire After 1st Punic War
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2nd Punic War

• When 218 B.C./B.C.E. and lasted 16 years.
• - After the 1st Punic War, Carthage began to
  regroup and expand its empire in Spain.
• - When Carthage attacked the city of Saguntum in
  Spain, Rome felt it was a threat to their
  interest ( the city of Saguntum and Rome had an
  alliance) and declared war against Carthage.

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2nd Punic War

• Hannibal, the great Carthaginian general, would
  lead his army, which included elephants, through
  Europe and across the Pyrenees and Alps to
  invade Italy.
• Hannibals father, Hamilcar, was instrumental in
  Carthages Spanish expansion. Hamilcar was filled
  with hatred for Rome and shame from the 1st Punic
  War. He would pass on his hatred and shame to
  Hannibal.
• His plan against Rome was simple early decisive
  victories and convince Roman allies to side with
  Carthage.
• He was successful with early decisive victories
  would was not able to convince Romes allies to
  join him.
• Without the necessary equipment needed to take
  the city of Rome, Hannibal devastated surrounding
  cities and country side.

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2nd Punic War

• Battle of Cannae
• -Early, Roman adopted a delay approach to
  Hannibal. The plan was to wait him out until he
  was tired, supplies diminished, and not meet him
  head on. They had learned that Hannibal was a
  shrewd and efficient general. Though effective
  this plan was not popular with the public or the
  politicians.
• -This policy would change for one battle,
  Cannae. New consuls were elected with the promise
  of a decisive victory over Hannibal. They were
  granted double their normal army to fight and
  decided to draw Hannibal out in the open. Rome
  out numbered Hannibal 2-1.
• -Hannibal soundly defeated the Roman army. About
  10,000 of the 70,000 Roman soldiers survived the
  fight. Hannibals tactics are still studied today
  as a maneuver to defeat a larger army on an open
  field.
• -After this battle Rome would go back to its
  delay policy and not openly face Hannibal.

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2nd Punic War

• Scipio, Roman general
• - While Hannibal was preoccupied in Rome, Rome
  sent a young general Scipio to Spain.
• - Scipio conquered Spain and divided the area
  into two Roman provinces. This effectively cut
  off Hannibals supplies while in Italy.
• -Scipio then crossed over to Africa and marched
  on Carthage.
• - With Hannibal in Italy, Carthage was somewhat
  defenseless against Scipio. They quickly called
  for peace and Hannibal was sent home, having won
  every major battle he had fought.

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2nd Punic War

• Battle of Zama
• - Hannibal and Scipio face off on the
  Battlefield near Carthage. Scipio would win,
  delivering Hannibals first lost and the complete
  defeat of Carthage.
• - This battle would end the 2nd Punic War and
  Scipio would be honored with the name Africanus
  because he conquered Africa.

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2nd Punic War Outcome

• Carthage was defeated. The price was its colonies
  in Spain, surrounding territory in Africa, most
  of its navy, and even more money.

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Roman Empire After 2nd Punic War

• Map

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3rd Punic War

• When 149 B.C/B.C.E and lasted 3 years
• Cause Hatred/ Rome hated Carthage
• - After losing everything in the second Punic
  War, Carthage did try to recover some of its
  prosperity. This displeased Rome and they
  declared war on Carthage.
• Events Rome burned the city, sold remaining
  inhabitants into slavery, and was rumored to have
  sowed salt into the soil so nothing would grow.
  It was just that a rumor.
• Outcome Rome dominated the Mediterranean basin
  which led to expanded trade, greater wealth, and
  the spread of Roman culture.

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War Macedonia Greece

• During the 2nd Punic War Phillip V of Macedon
  became allies with Hannibal and began to threaten
  Rome to the east.
• Rome began to fight a series of wars with
  Macedonia and defeat them in 197 B.C/B.C.E.
• By 133 B.C/B.C.E Greek cities would be under
  Romes protection.

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Effects of the War Government

• Review What was the role of the Senate in the
  Roman Republic?
• Senate and nobility more powerful
• Provincial government more corrupt

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Effects of the Punic Wars Society

• High unemployment in the city of Rome
• Need for public welfare
• Expanded trade created a new social class of
  wealthy business people, Equities

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Effects of the Punic Wars Agriculture

• Small farmers lost their land
• Rome dependant upon provinces for grain

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Project Punic Wars

• The Mission
• You are the top field reporters of KGMS. Your
  mission is to send radio reports of the events of
  the wars. Information is needed on each Punic
  war, the battles, the people, and the effects at
  home.
• Your Equipment
• For this mission you will need your field
  (class) notes, a computer, the audacity program,
  and your written story. There are resource
  websites linked to my webpage for additional
  resources.
• Your Requirements
• 1- Introduction( your name, reporting with KGMS
  World News, period, and Title of Story)
• 2- Must use proper names of people, places, and
  events.
• 3- Describe where you are ( the sound, the smell,
  the looks, the atmosphere)
• 4- Length 1 ½ -3 min.

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Examples of News Stories

• Gaza Cease-Fire Negotiations Stall
• Israeli Forces Enter Gaza City
• The Toll Of War On Iraqi Lives