Ancient Rome - Regents Review

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Rome
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The Legacy of Rome

• Republic Government
• Roman Law (basis for West. Civilization law
  govt)
• Latin Language
• Christianity (facilitates its spread / the
  Roman Catholic Church)
• Becomes largest empire, most powerful military
  power, many cultures, many peoples
• Dominates Mediterranean trade great wealth /
  attractions
• Romanesque Architectural Style
• Roman Engineering (Aqueducts, Sewage systems,
  Dams, The Roman Road, Arches)
• The fall of Rome 476 C.E. and the eastern
  Byzantine Empire carrying on Roman traditions
  for the next 1000 years

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The Geography of Rome
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The History of Ancient Italy
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Italy in 750 BCE
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The Etruscans Influence

• Writing
• Religion
• The Arch

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The Mythical Founding of RomeRomulus Remus
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The Roman Republic 509 BCE - 27 BCE
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Roman Government

• Patrician Wealthy aristocrats / held most
  political power
• Plebeians Common people
• Consuls 2 consuls at a time served as rulers
  or executives for Rome (very limited power
  one year term, veto power)
• The Senate Aristocratic body that served Romes
  legislative/admin functions. 300 members, life
  term, only patricians
• Office of Tribune Representative body for
  Plebeians. Power to intervene and VETO
• Dictator When civil/military crises arose, a
  dictator was appointed. He held absolute power
  for 6 months. Provided strong leadership during
  tough times.

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Republican Government
2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome)
Senate (Representative body for
patricians) The Tribunes
(Representative body for plebeians) remember
the veto power
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Rome From Republic to Empire

• Many enemies lived just beyond Rome
  (Etruscans/Gauls)
• By 1st and 2nd Centuries BCE, Rome began
  expanding
• Established military colonies
• Had generous policy toward conquered people
  (exempt from tax, govern own affairs, some
  citizenship all provided they gave mil. support
  to Rome)

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Carthaginian Empire
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Biggest Rival Carthage

• Major trading power in Mediterranean
• Romes biggest rival
• Rivalry leads to Punic Wars (3 altogether)
• 264-146 BCE
• Fought over economic competition in Med. Sea
• Romes win means theyre the dominant Med. Force
  and now an Empire

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Hannibals Route
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Reform Leaders

• Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
• the poor should be given grain and small plots of
  free land.

Military Reformer

• Gaius Marius
• recruited an army from the poorand homeless.
• professional standing army.

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Civil War Dictators
Julius Caesar
Pompey
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Julius Caesar

• Sought social reforms in Rome
• Won elections into govt, became very popular
  with the poor classes (offered free grain, public
  spectacles, building projects)
• Conquered Gaul, other surrounding regions, as
  general
• Named dictator for life
• Gave land to armies and poor, extended Roman
  citizenship to conquered peoples
• Elites thought he was becoming tyrannical, and
  assassinated him

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Beware the Ides of March!44 BCE
Et tu, Brutus?
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Octavian AugustusRomes First Emperor
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Pax Romana 27 BCE 180 CE The Roman Peace

• Emp. Augustus provided relative stability/peace
  to Rome
• Rome became great facilitator of trade and
  communication

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Romes Early Road System
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Roman Roads The Appian Way
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Imperial Roman Road System
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The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE

• Providing political and socialrights for the
  plebeians.

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Roman Law

• Provides great political stability during Pax
  Romana
• Laws applied evenly throughout empire
• Major principles adopted throughout Western
  Civilization
• Innocent until proven guilty
• Right to face/challenge accusers in court
• Judges can set aside unfair laws

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The Roman Forum
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Roman Aqueducts
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The Roman Coliseum
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The Coliseum Interior
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Circus Maximus
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The Roman Empire 27 BCE - 476 CE
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The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire 14 CE
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The Rise of Christianity
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Jesus of Nazareth

• Jewish teacher from Nazareth, born c. 3 CE
• Peaceful, teaching about devotion to God, love
  for one another
• Drew crowds for devotion and performance of
  miracles preached Kingdom of God is at hand
• Seen as a threat to Roman authorities
• Executed by crucifixion rising 3 days later
• Account of his life written in the four Gospels
  of the New Testament

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Spread/Appeal of Christianity

• Early years Christians persecuted by Romans
• Appealed to masses by preaching dignity of all
  including low classes and both genders
• Promise of eternal life
• Grows to become official religion of Roman Emp.
  by c. 300 CE

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St. Paul Apostle to the Gentiles
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The Spread of Christianity
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Imperial Roman Road System
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The Empire in Crisis 3c
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Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two 294 CE
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Constantine 312 - 337
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Constantinople The 2nd Rome (Founded in 330)
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Barbarian Invasions 4c-5c
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Attila the HunThe Scourge of God
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ByzantiumThe Eastern Roman Empire
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The Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of Justinian
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The Byzantine Emperor Justinian
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The Legacy of Rome

• Republic Government
• Roman Law
• Latin Language
• Christianity (Roman Catholic Church)
• Trade
• City Planning
• Romanesque Architectural Style
• Roman Engineering (Aqueducts, Sewage systems,
  Dams, The Roman Road, Arches)
• The fall of Rome 476 C.E. and the eastern
  Byzantine Empire carrying on Roman traditions
  for the next 1000 years