LIF101 Anatomy

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LIF101Anatomy

• Lecture 5
• Bones of the Pelvis and Leg

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The Pelvis

• Bony ring at base of spine
• Superior articulation 5th lumbar vertebra
• Inferior articulation Both femurs
• Protects pelvic organs
• Transmits weight of body to lower limbs
• Female pelvis generally wider

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Bones of the Pelvis

• Sacrum
• Coccyx
• 2 Ilia (singular Ilium)
• Pubic symphysis- midline cartilaginous
  joint/slightly movable for the birth of children.
• Sacroiliac joints between the sacrum and the
  ilium of the pelvis/joined together by strong
  ligaments

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(1) sacrum, (2) ilium, (3) ischium, (4) pubis,
(5) pubic symphisis, (6) acetabulum, (7)
obturator foramen, (8) coccyx
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Features of the Pelvis

• Iliac crests
• Anterior superior iliac spines (A.S.I.S.)
• Posterior superior iliac spines (P.S.I.S.)
• Pubic tubercles are prominent on the upper border
  of the medial portion of the superior ramus of
  the pubis. The inguinal ligament attaches to it.

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Obturator Foramen and Acetabulum
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Dog pelvis

• Quadripeds have
• a narrower
• pelvic floor

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Inguinal Ligaments

• Ligaments connecting A.S.I.S. and pubic tubercles
• Define lower margin of abdomen
• Inguinal furrows (surface landmark)

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The Femur

• Thigh bone
• Longest and heaviest bone in human skeleton
• Slants inward from hip to knee

Anterior
Posterior
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Features of the Femur

• Head
• Neck
• Greater and lesser trochanters
• Medial and lateral epicondyles

Ant.
Post.
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The Patella

• A.K.A. kneecap
• Largest sesamoid bone in human body
• Protects and reinforces knee joint

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The Patella

• Held in place by quadriceps tendon (above) and
  patellar ligament (below.)
• Lies anterior to distal and of femur when leg is
  extended (straight)
• Slides down over joint when leg is flexed (bent)

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The Tibia and Fibula

• Tibia medial, wider, superior
• Fibula lateral, narrower, inferior
• Only tibia articulates with femur
• Both articulate with tarsal (ankle) bones

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Landmarks of the Tibia

• Tibial tuberosity
• Anterior crest
• Medial surface (lateral surface is covered by
  tibialis anterior muscle)
• Medial malleolus

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The Fibula

• Proximal articulation is with tibia (not
  femur.)
• Surface landmarks
• head (at proximal end)
• lateral malleolus (at distal end)
• Lateral malleolus is lower than medial malleolus
  (of tibia)

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Housing of the Ankle

• Tibia forms roof and medial wall
• Fibula forms lateral wall
• Closed at sides but open front and back
• Ankle has free up-and-down movement but limited
  side-to-side movement

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Pelvis and Leg Landmarks

• Inguinal furrows
• Iliac crests
• Anterior superior iliac spines
• Posterior superior iliac spines
• Greater trochanter of femur
• Patella
• Tibial tuberosity
• Anterior crest of tibia
• Medial malleolus of tibia (always higher)
• Lateral malleolus of fibula (always lower)
• Head of fibula

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Assignments

• Reading
• Peck, pages 60  85
• QUIZ week 6 will cover bones of shoulder, arm,
  pelvis and leg