Presentaci

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Workshop to exchange views on possible elements
to be considered in the future revision of the
UNFCCC Guidelines for the preparation of
nationalcommunications from Parties not included
in Annex I to the Convention
Mexico Fourth National Communication to the
United Framework Convention on Climate
Change. M. Sc. Israel Laguna
2123 March 2011 St. Marys, Antigua and Barbuda
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

• National Institute of Ecology (1)
• Mexico General information (1)
• Mexico and Climate Change (9)
• National GHG Inventory 1990-2006 (7)

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What is the National Institute of Ecology (INE)?
INE is a decentralized body of the Ministry of
Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT) it
was created in 1993 and reorganized in 2001.
CONABIO
CONANP
INE
CONAGUA
PROFEPA
CONAFOR
IMTA

• MISION To coordinate research on environmental
  issues, in order to provide data, ideas,
  proposals, and technical inputs for the
  decision-making, to support the environmental and
  natural resources management of Mexico.
• Regarding Climate Change INE is in charge of
• Developing and integrating the National
  Communications of Mexico to the UNFCCC
• Up-dating of National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
• Technical studies on GHG mitigation
• Vulnerability assessments and adaptation options
  to CC.
• Support the realization of the Climate Change
  Actions Programs at state level
• Focal Point to the IPCC
• Support the international negotiations

5 General directions 300 employee.
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MEXICOGeneral information

• Location
• The United Mexican States (the official name for
  Mexico) is located in the northern part of the
  American continent. The Mexican territory covers
  1.96 millions of km2
• Climate
• Because its geographic and topographic
  conditions, México has a wide variety of climatic
  regions, with several types of climate arid,
  semiarid, dry tropical, humid tropical, temperate
  and cold.

Precipitation Rainfall along the territorys
length and breadth is varied. Historically, the
national annual average precipitation was 773 mm
for the period from 1941 to 2004. Biodiversity Mex
ico is among the top five countries known as
megadiverse. The combined diversity of species
in Mexico represents approximately 12 of the
worlds total. Population In 2009 Mexico totaled
107.9 million people, of which 72.3 lived in
urban areas and 27.7 in rural areas. During
2007-2009 the countrys annual population growth
rate was 0.8.
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Mexico and the UNFCCC

• Mexico signed the UNFCCC in 1992 and it was
  ratified in 1993.
• The Convention came into force for Mexico on
  March 21, 1994.
• Mexico signed the Kyoto Protocol on June 9, 1998.
  The Mexican Senate approved the Kyoto Protocol
  on April 29, 2000.
• The establishment of the Mexican Committee for
  GHG mitigation projects was on January 23, 2004.
• The establishment of the Inter ministerial
  Climate Change Commission was on April 25, 2005.

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Activities of Mexico
Interministerial Commission on Climate Change
Ratifica el Protocolo de Kioto
Firma el Protocolo de Kioto
Ratification of the UNFCCCC
UNFCCC
UNFCCC
4th National Communication
3rd National Communication
2nd National Communication
1st National Communication
NATIONAL STRATEGY ON CLIMATE CHANGE
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Most important effects of climate change in Mexico

1. Growing desertification in the Central and North
   regions of Mexico. Reduction of agricultural
   potential. Difficulties for water supply in
   several areas
2. Flooding in coastal areas
3. Increase of extreme hydro-meteorological events
4. General effects in forest areas (forest
   degradation and increase in fires) and
   hydrological effects
5. Loss of biodiversity
6. Impacts on human health

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Roadmap for Climate Change Policy in Mexico

• Scientific research
• Analysis of national circumstances
• National greenhouse gases (GHG) inventory
• GHG emissions, concentrations and impacts
  modeling, scenarios and projections
• Vulnerability assessments to climate variability
  and extreme events
• Public awareness strategies
• Design and analysis of policies for GHG
  mitigation and adaptation to climate change
• Policy implementation at national, regional and
  local scales, and at general or sector-specific
  levels

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Structure
INTERMINISTRIAL CLIMATE CHANGE COMMISSION (Created
on April 25, 2005)
Link
Interministrial Climate Change Commission
Expert opinion
Link
Social
Participation
The ministries of tourism and navy and also the
INEGI are permanent invited to the CICC
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Interministrial Climate Change Commission
The Interministrial Climate Change Commission
(ICCC) was established to coordinate the actions
of the agencies and entities of the Mexican
Federal Government related to

• the design and the implementation of national
  policies for preventing and mitigating greenhouse
  gas emissions
• adapting to the effects of climate change and, in
  general
• promoting the development of climate change
  action programs and strategies to reach the
  fulfillment of the commitments made by Mexico
  within the UNFCCC and other instruments derived
  from, particularly the Kyoto Protocol.

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Eje 4. Environmental Suistanability 4.6
Climate Change
OBJECTIVE 11 Adaptation Strategy 11.1. To
promote the adoption of adaptation criteria in
the planning process. Strategy 11.2. To develop
regional climate scenarios. Strategy 11.3. To
evaluate the impacts, vulnerability and
adaptation of different socioeconomic sectors
and ecological systems. Strategy 11.4. To promote
the information diffusion of impacts,
vulnerability and adaptation measures to climate
change.
OBJECTIVE 10 GHG Mitigation. Strategy 10.1. To
promote energy efficiency and clean technologies
(including renewable) for energy
generation. Strategy 10.2. To promote the
efficient energy use in the domestic, industry,
agricultural and transportation sectors. Strategy
10.3. To promote the implementation of
international standards in the transportation
sector. Strategy 10.4. To promote energy recovery
in the waste sector.
http//pnd.presidencia.gob.mx/
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The Special Program on Climate Change (PECC)
2008-2012

• The PECC, sets the national strategy of climate
  change for the current Federal Administration.
• It includes coordinated activities from all
  relevant sectors of the Federal Government, and
  also from other levels of government
  (particularly States and Municipalities) and from
  the private sector.
• It sets quantitative mitigation and adaptation
  goals, as well as research objectives and the
  Mexican position on the international
  negotiations.
• GOALS
• In 2012 the mitigation goal is roughly 50
  MtCO2e (about 8 of total emissions).
• For the period 2008-2012, twelve groups of
  measures account for 60-70 of the GHG
  potential.
• For the long term (2050) Mexico aspires to reduce
  emissions by 50 in reference to year 2000.
• In the period 2008-2012, the Mexican oil and gas
  industry will invest US 7,000 million.

http//www.semarnat.gob.mx/queessemarnat/cambiocli
matico/Pages/estrategia.aspx
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Mexicos Fourth National Communication

1. National Context
2. National GHG Inventory
3. Institutional Arrangements
4. Adaptation programs (impacts, vulnerability and
   adaptation)?
5. Climate change mitigation programs
6. Relevant information
7. Barriers, lacks and needs related to climate
   change

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National GHG Inventory 2006
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National GHG Inventory, 2006
709 million tons of CO2eq
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Emissions trend by gas
CO2
69.3 of total GHGs in 2006
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Emissions trend by gas
CH4
26.4 of total GHGs in 2006
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Emissions trend by gas
N2O
2.9 of total GHG in 2006
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Energy emissions per capita of Mexico in CO2 e
World average Emission per capita data taken
from EIA. (2008). CO2 Emissions from Fuel
Combustion. 2008 Edition. P. II.49 a II.51.
Paris, France

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Emission Intensity (kg CO2 e / GDP)
Trend
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INEGEI 2006 Conclusions

• Mexicos GHG emissions (in equivalent of CO2)
  growth 40.3 from 1990 to 2006
• Energy category prevails as the main emissions
  source of GHG, where the fossil fuel used in
  energy generation and transportation predominates
  as key sources
• Improvements in energy efficiency and investments
  towards the use of cleaner technologies have
  improved the energy intensity (energy consumption
  by GDP) and emissions intensity (CO2 by GDP)
  between 1990 and 2006.
• The GHG emissions growth rate in Mexico is lower
  than the growth rate of its economy
• The results of the National GHG Inventory
  1990-2006 shows that there is evidence in Mexico
  of decoupling between economic growth and GHG
  emissions

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GHG Inventory (Problems, lessons learned)

• Problems
• Lack of human resources
• Availability of information (specially in
  LULUCF, waste)
• Lack of local GHG emission factors
• No experience with the 2006 IPCC guidance
  (availability of information)
• Top- down vs. bottom up inventories
• Lessons learned
• Continuity of working groups is a successful
  way to build capacity (establishment of
  processes)
• Essential the collaboration within the Inter
  ministerial Commission on Climate Change
• Essential the collaboration with academia,
  research institutions, private sector, etc.

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Thank you for your attention
Israel Laguna Monroy National Institute of
Ecology- SEMARNAT Periférico Sur 5000, 6th
floor. Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco. Delegación
Coyoacán. 04530 México, D.F. ? ilaguna_at_ine.gob.mx
  Visit of our Web Page http//www.ine.gob.mx/ C
limate Change Portal http//cambio_climatico.ine.g
ob.mx/

• México. Cuarta Comunicación Nacional ante la
  Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el
  Cambio Climático
• http//www.ine.gob.mx/cpcc-lineas/596-cpcc-comnal