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ZIGBEE
BY A.RAKESH (08B81A0472)
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WHAT IS ZIGBEE?

• Technological Standard Created for Control and
  Sensor Networks
• Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard
• Created by the ZigBee Alliance

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SENSOR/CONTROL NETWORK REQUIREMENTS

• Large networks (large number of devices and large
  coverage area) that can form autonomously and
  that will operate very reliably for years without
  any operator intervention
• Very long battery life (years off of a AA cell),
  very low infrastructure cost (low device setup
  costs) and very low complexity and small size
• Device data rate and QoS needs are low
• Standardized protocols are necessary to allow
  multiple vendors to interoperate

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WHY ZIGBEE?

• Reliable
• Mesh networking
• Low data-rate applications
• Very long battery life
• Secure
• Scalable
• Low cost
• Global applicability

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HOW DOES ZIGBEE WORK?

• Engineers feel Wi-Fi and Bluetooth may be
  unsuitable. This spawned the idea of digital
  radio networks via direct-sequence spread
  spectrum coding.
• ZigBee-compliant radios may operate on one of
  three different radio bands the 800 MHz, 900
  MHz, or 2.4 GHz frequencies.
• Follows the internationally recognized radio
  standard for the MAC and PHY Layer.

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TARGET MARKETS
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TV
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VCR
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Monitors
Consumer Electronics
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Sensors
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DVD
Industrial Commercial
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CD
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Automation
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Remote
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Control
PC Peripherals
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Mouse
Low Data Rate Radio Devices
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Keyboard
Personal Healthcare
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Joystick
Gamepad
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Monitors
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Diagnostics
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Security
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Sensors
Home Automation
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PETs
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HVAC
Toys Games
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Gameboys
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Lighting
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Educational
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Closures
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PC And Peripherals

• Desktop PCs and Home Entertainment Systems (Home
  Theatre TV)
• Computer peripherals
• HID devices
• Video conference equipment
• Remote control
• Video gaming equipment
• Multi-player PC video games
• Remote controls for audio and video equipment

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Human Input Devices (HID)

• Keyboard
• Mouse / Pointing Device
• Remote Controls (controls for audio video
  equipment)
• Gaming device
• Double Joystick

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PATIENT MONITORING

• May allow more patient freedom
• Monitors vital statistics and sends via internet
• Patient can remain in their own home
• Lowers cost and improves comfort
• Can be used in hospice care
• Patients are allowed greater movement
• Reduced staff to patient ratio
• Light way to bathroom when they get out of bed
• Reduces patient confusion

graphic
graphic
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LIGHTING CONTROL

• Wireless Lighting Control
• Dimmable ballasts
• Light switches anywhere
• Customizable lighting schemes
• Energy Saving on bright days

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ZIGBEE VS BLUETOOTH
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ZIGBEE AND BLUETOOTH
Optimized for different applications

• Bluetooth
• Larger packets over small network
• Ad-hoc networks
• File transfer
• Screen graphics, pictures, hands-free audio,
  Mobile phones, headsets, PDAs, etc.

• ZigBee
• Smaller packets over large network
• Mostly Static networks with many, infrequently
  used devices
• Home automation, toys, remote controls, etc.

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ZIGBEE AND BLUETOOTH
Address Different Needs

• Bluetooth is a cable replacement for items like
  Phones, Laptop Computers, Headsets
• Bluetooth expects regular charging
• Target is to use lt10 of host power

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ZIGBEE AND BLUETOOTH
Address Different Needs

• ZigBee is better for devices Where the battery is
  rarely replaced
• Targets are
• Tiny fraction of host power
• New opportunities where wireless not yet used

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CONCLUSION
ZigBee and Bluetooth

• ZigBee targets applications not addressable by
  Bluetooth or any other wireless standard
• ZigBee and Bluetooth complement for a broader
  solution

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TOPOLOGY MODELS

• Allows users to balance system cost, reliability
  battery life

Mesh

• Reliability
• Extended Range
• No Battery Life
• Routing Complexity

Star

• Simplicity
• Low Cost
• Long Battery Life
• Single Point of Failure

Hybrid (Cluster Tree)
PAN coordinator
Full Function Device

• Flexibility
• Reliability/Range of Mesh
• Battery Life of Star
• Design Complexity

Reduced Function Device
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ZIGBEE MESH NETWORKING
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ZIGBEE MESH NETWORKING
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ZIGBEE MESH NETWORKING
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ZIGBEE MESH NETWORKING
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ZIGBEE MESH NETWORKING
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IEEE 802.15.4

• IEEE 802.15.4 is a standard defined by IEEE for
  low rate, wireless personal area network.
• The standard defines the Physical layer and
  Medium Access Layer

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IEEE 802.15.4 CONTINUED

• PHY- It defines low power spread spectrum radio
  operating at 2.4 GHz with a basic data rate of
  250 kbps
• MAC -defines how multiple 802.15.4 radios
  operating in the same area will share the
  airwaves. The MAC supports several architectures,
  including a star topology, tree topologies and
  mesh topologies

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THE ZIGBEE PLATFORM
End developer applications, designed using
application profiles
ZA1
ZA2

ZAn
IA1
IAn
Application interface designed using general
profile
API
UDP
IP
Topology management, MAC management, routing,
discovery protocol, security management
ZigBee NWK
802.2 LLC
MAC
Channel access, PAN maintenance, reliable data
transport
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
IEEE 802.15.4 PHY
Transmission reception on the physical radio
channel
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DATA TRANSFER MODEL
Coordinator to Device
Device to Coordinator
Beacon Enabled Mode
Non-Beacon Enabled Mode
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THE 802 WIRELESS SPACE
WWAN
IEEE 802.22
IEEE 802.20
WMAN
WiMax IEEE 802.16
Range
WLAN
WiFi 802.11
ZigBee 802.15.4
802.15.3 802.15.3a 802.15.3c
Bluetooth 802.15.1
WPAN
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Data Rate (Mbps)
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PROS AND CONS

• Pros
• good extension of existing standards
• supported by many companies
• low power consumption
• low cost
• easy implemented (Designer concentrates on end
  application)
• flexible network structure

• Cons
• Not many end devices available yet
• Single point of failure (centralized architecture)

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SOME PARTICIPANTS
CompXs
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ZIGBEE ALLIANCE - MEMBERS
and many more....
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Parting Thought

• Just as the personal computer was a symbol of
• the '80s, and the symbol of the '90s is the World
• Wide Web, the next nonlinear shift, is going to
  be
• the advent of cheap sensors.
• -Paul Saffo
• Institute for the Future

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Thank you for your attention!
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