Skeletal System

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Skeletal System

• The physical foundation of the body
• Composed of 206 bones

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The Skeletal System Fact Sheet

• Adults have 206 bones.
• All bones harden by the age of 25.
• Most bones are in your hands and feet.
• You have 29 bones in your skull.
• Your skull protects your brain.
• Your spine supports your back and helps you stand
  tall.
• The skull, shoulder bones, ribs and pelvis are
  attached to the spinal cord.
• Your pelvis bone forms your hips.
• There are 12 pair of bones called ribs.
• Your ribs protect your heart and lungs.

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Bone composition

• Connective tissue about 1/3 animal matter and 2/3
  mineral matter
• Cells and blood are animal matter calcium
  carbonate and calcium phosphate are mineral
  matter
• Osteology is the scientific study of bones, their
  structure and functions

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Osteology

• Osteology is the scientific study of bones, their
  structure and functions
• Os is the technical term for bone

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Primary function of Skeletal System

• Give shape and support to body
• Protect internal structures and organs
• Serve as attachments for muscles

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Primary function of Skeletal System

• Act as levers to produce body movement
• Help produce white and red blood cells (a
  function of bone marrow)
• Store minerals
• Such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium sodium

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Joints

• The connection between two or more bones of the
  skeleton
• Movable
• Such as elbows, knees hips
• Immovable
• Such as the pelvis or skull, which allow little
  or no movement

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Parts of the Skull

• Cranium
• An oval, bony case that protects the brain
• Facial skeleton
• Made up of 14 bones

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Bones of the Cranium

• Occipital bone
• Forms lower back part of cranium
• Parietal bones
• Form the sides and top of cranium (crown)
• Frontal bone
• Forms the forehead
• Temporal bones
• Form the sides of the head in ear region

Frontal bone
Parietal bones
Temporal bones
Occipital bone
10
Bones of the Face

• Nasal bones (2)
• form the bridge of the nose
• Lacrimal bones (2)
• Small, fragile bones located at front part of
  inner wall of eye sockets
• Zygomatic or Malar bones (2)
• Form the prominence of the cheeks
• Maxillae (2)
• Upper jaw bones that join to form whole upper jaw
• Mandible (1)
• Lower jawbone largest and strongest b one of the
  face forms lower jaw

Nasal bones
Lacrimal bones
zygomatic
maxillae
mandible
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Bones of the Neck

• Hyoid bone
• U-shaped bone located in front part of throat
  known as the Adams apple
• Cervical Vertebrae
• Seven bones of the top part of the vertebral
  column located in neck region

12
Bones of the Chest, Shoulder, Back

• Thorax
• The chest an elastic bony cage that serves as
  the protective framework for the heart, lungs
  other delicate internal organs
• Ribs
• Twelve pairs of bones forming the wall of the
  thorax

13
Bones of the Chest, Shoulder, Back

• Scapula
• One of a pair of shoulder blades a large, flat,
  triangular bones of the shoulder
• Sternum
• The breastbone flat b one that forms the ventral
  (front) support of the ribs
• Clavicle
• Collarbone bone that joins the sternum and
  scapula

14
Bones of the Arm and Hand

• Humerus
• Uppermost largest bone of arm extends from
  elbow to shoulder
• Ulna
• Inner larger bone of the forearm, attached to
  the wrist located on little finger side

15
Bones of the Arm and Hand

• Radius
• Smaller bone on thumb side of foreman
• Carpus
• The wrist flexible joint composed of eight
  small, irregular bones, held together by
  ligaments

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Bones of the Arm and Hand

• Metacarpus
• Bones of the palm consists of five long, slender
  bones between the carpus and the phalanges
• Phalanges
• Bones of the fingers and toes consists of three
  in each finger and two in the thumb for a total
  of 14

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Summary

• Throughout your training as a cosmetologist,
  bones will be used to give instructions for
  different styling and massage techniques.
• Knowledge of the bones will not only benefit you
  in your training, but also in your client
  contact.