Presentaci

1
Programa de las Naciones Unidaspara el Medio
Ambiente
Programme des Nations Unies pour
lEnvironnementUnited Nations Environment
ProgrammePrograma das Naçoes Unidas o Meio
Ambiente
Environmental Issues and Strategies for the Oil
and Gas Industry
Dr. Diego Masera Regional Co-ordinator of the
Industry Programme
Oficina Regional para América Latina y el
CaribeRegional Office for Latin America and the
Caribbean
Brazil, May 2002
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Major environmentalchallenges

• climate change and air pollution
• freshwater and water management
• depletion of biological resources
• land degradation
• environmental disasters and vulnerability
• awareness raising, education
• oceans and regional seas
• chemicals management
• waste management

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Environmental degradation

• Loss of forests 4.5 million ha of
  forests lost annually
• Degraded soil 243 million ha in South
  America, and 65 million ha in Mesoamerica
• Biodiversity
• Thousands of endangered species and many
  extinct

- In México, 600,000 ha per year- In Central
America, 200,000 per year
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Root causes ofenvironmental degradation

• Economic growth of 3.2 annually
• Poverty Growth 224 million of persons in
  1999 (12)
• Increased inequity 20 gt income
  20 lt income
• Increased unemployment
• Lower salary value
• 500,000 professionals left the region
• Economic Model based on the intensive use of
  natural resources
• Increased External Debt

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- In México, is 160 billion dollars- In Central
America is 17 billion dollars
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Responses

• integration of environmental considerations in
  mainstream decision making
• life cycle economy
• precautionary approach
• environmental compliance, enforcement
• liability
• knowledge building, sharing of information
• awareness raising, education
• voluntary initiatives/partnership with
  accountability

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Role of the oil industry

• Responsibility, accountability, transparency
• technology innovation
• renewable energy
• processes (from the well to the wheel)
• management systems
• supply chain management
• transfer of best practices
• develop and maintain an international standard

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Role of the oil industry (contd)

• voluntary initiatives
• assist in local development
• full support to conventions
• UNFCCC
• biodiversity
• transboundary air pollution
• be part of the UN Secretary-Generals Global
  Compact

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Environment issues in offshore sector

• chemicals release and pollution
• greenhouse gas releases
• waste disposal, incl. drilling muds
• decommissioning of platforms
• transport accidents, and risk of blow-outs
• on-shore impacts (eg. waste disposal, ..)

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Some causal factors

• limited company environmental programmes
• inadequate or outdated regulatory frameworks
• lack of life-cycle approach
• environmental approach is not prevention based
• inefficient (polluting) production technologies
• unsustainable consumption of products and
  resources
• lack of environmental awareness of professionals
• financial mechanisms ignore environment

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Recent management responses

• standardization of EMS/EHS systems
• greater corporate responsibility and ethics
• increase in industry sector codes and initiatives
• social partnerships
• environment and social reporting
• supply chain management
• technology development
• green product development
• But is it enough?

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Recent institutional responses

• systematic environmental assessment regimes
• updated regulatory frameworks
• use of economic instruments
• some acceptance of voluntary mechanisms
• establishment of international conventions
• educational reform in engineering
• But has progress been sufficiently widespread?

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Oil Gas - UNEPs Objective

• to work with strategic sector partners to improve
  availability of information about environmental
  impacts and management options

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UNEP approach

• synthesize practical information to assist
  environmental decision-making by all stakeholders
• develop and maintain information systems
• encourage training and raise awareness of key
  issues and response options

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Some UN responses

• CSD debate (industry, production and consumption)
• Regional Seas programmes
• international conventions - FCCC, ...
• Global compact and GRI
• corporate environmental benchmarking
• stakeholder dialogue - annual UNEP meeting
• management guidelines
• financial and insurance institutions initiatives
• sustainable consumption patterns
• information systems - OEF

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UNEPs energy programme

• focus on strategic aspects
• environmental focus
• aims to support FCCC, and Kyoto implementation
  mechanisms
• supports national dialogue on implementation
  options
• renewable energy policies via Riso
• energy management in CP

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Gobal compact

• Initiative of the Un Secretary General
• Purpose is to bring private sector participation
  in UN debate
• 3 compact conditions
• human rights
• labour rights
• Agenda 21

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Offshore Environment Forum

• OEF is an Internet site to improve global access
  to environmental information
• established as partnership project after Rijswijk
  conference in 1997 (CSD initiative)
• operated by UNEP and UNCTAD for EPForum, Govts
  of Norway and the Netherlandds, WWF
• interactive, user-oriented
• www.oilandgasforum.net

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What is the OEF ?

• The OEF site is an internet roadmap to guide web
  users with different backgrounds and needs to
  existing information sources on offshore
  activities.
• Interaction The OEF Site is structured as an
  interactive forum.
• Information Users can obtain information and at
  the same time, they can provide information, by
  publishing their own documents.
• Discussion OEF Forum aims to encourage and keep
  up a meaningful discussion among the users

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Offshore Environment Forum
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Management of the OEF

• multi-stakeholder management - industry, govt,
  public groups, UN
• financially supported by partners
• operated by UNEP in Paris
• neutral information system - not campaigning
• option of associate partners for sub-sections of
  site

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OEF as a news service

• news on offshore companies, environment
• events calendar
• new publications
• changes in legislation

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OEF as a programme promotion tool

• awareness of your programme
• and your publications
• and your conferences
• linking with your constituents

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OEF as a project support tool

• surveys, eg reporting
• expert meetings
• debate on issues, eg decommissioning
• communications link

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Examples of OEF partner groups
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UNEP the petroleum sectorReporting

• The Social Reporting publication
• The Oil Sector Report
• Accountability, companies requested to report
• Global Reporting Initiative

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UNEP the petroleum sectorSharing information

• Other reports

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Some conclusions

• Many useful initiatives, but insufficient when
  seen in context of the problem
• witnessing increasing action by companies, but
  insufficient concerted co-operative action in
  sectors
• action needs to focus on causal factors as well
  as internal change
• needs a more preventive, life-cycle approach
• needs more focus on professional education
• stronger partnership with UN and governments

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Oficina Regional para América Latina y el
CaribeBlvd. de los Virreyes 155, Lomas de
VirreyesCP 11000 México, D.F., MEXICO
http//www.rolac.unep.mx http//www.uneptie.org
http//www.oilandgasforum.net