The Skeletal System

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Medical Vocabularyby Diana Curtis

• The Skeletal System

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Achondroplasia

• Main Entry achondroplasia
• Pronunciation \a-kän-dr?-pla-zh(e-)?\
• Definition a genetic disorder disturbing normal
  growth of cartilage, resulting in a form of
  dwarfism characterized by a usually normal torso
  and shortened limbs
• a- without
• chondr/o cartilage
• -plasia formation

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Acroarthritis

• Main Entry ac-ro-arthritis
• Pronunciation \ak-ro-är-thrit-?s\
• Definition inflammation of the joints of the
  hands or feet due to infectious, metabolic, or
  constitutional causes
• acr/o extremity
• arthr joint
• -it is inflammation

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Acromion

• Main Entry acromion
• Pronunciation \?-kro-me-än, -?n\
• Definition the outer end of the spine of the
  scapula that protects the glenoid cavity, forms
  the outer angle of the shoulder, and articulates
  with the clavicle
• acr extremity, point
• -omion shoulder

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Ankylosis

• Main Entry ankylosis
• Variant(s) also anchylosis
• Pronunciation \a?-ki-lo-s?s\
• Plural ankyloses \-sez\
• Definition stiffness or fixation of a joint by
  disease or surgery
• ankyl stiffening, crooked
• -osis condition (usually abnormal)

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Arthroplasty

• Main Entry arthroplasty
• Pronunciation \är-thr?-plas-te\
• Plural arthroplasties
• Definition plastic surgery of a joint (as the
  hip or knee) the operative formation or
  restoration of a joint
• arthr/o joint
• -plasty surgical repair

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Calcaneal

• Main Entry calcaneal
• Pronunciation \kal-ka-ne-?l\
• Definition 1 relating to the heel bone 2
  relating to the calcaneus
• calcan/e heel bone
• -al pertaining to

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Coccygeal

• Main Entry coccygeal
• Pronunciation \käk-sij-(e-)?l\
• Definition of, relating to, or affecting the
  coccyx (tailbone)
• coccyg/e coccyx, tailbone
• -al pertaining to

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Collagen

• Main Entry collagen
• Pronunciation \käl-?-j?n\
• Definition fibrous insoluble protein found in
  the connective tissue, skin, ligaments, and
  cartilage
• coll/a glue
• -gen formation, produce

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Costal

• Main Entry costal
• Pronunciation \käs-t?l\
• Definition of, relating to, involving, or
  situated near a rib ltcostal fractures caused by
  violent coughinggt
• cost rib
• -al pertaining to

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Craniectomy

• Main Entry craniectomy
• Pronunciation \kra-ne-ek-t?-me\
• Plural craniectomies
• Definition the surgical removal of a portion of
  the skull
• crani/(o) skull
• -ectomy surgical excision

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Femoral

• Main Entry femoral
• Pronunciation \fem-(?-)r?l\
• Definition pertaining to the femur the thigh
  bone, the longest bone in the body
• femor femur
• -al pertaining to

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Fibular

• Main Entry fibular
• Pronunciation \fib-y?-l?r\
• Plural fibulae \-le also -li\ or fibulas
• Definition pertaining to the fibula the smaller
  of the two lower leg bones
• fibul fibula
• -ar pertaining to

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Fixation

• Main Entry fixation
• Pronunciation \fik-sa-sh?n\
• Definition process of holding or fastening in a
  fixed position making rigid, immobilizing
• fixat fastened
• -ion process

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Humeral

• Main Entry humeral
• Pronunciation \hyüm-(?-)r?l\
• Definition of, relating to, or situated in the
  region of the humerus (upper arm bone)
• humer humerus
• -al pertaining to

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Ilium

• Main Entry ilium
• Pronunciation \il-e-?m\
• Plural ilia \-e-?\
• Definition the dorsal, upper, and largest one of
  the three bones composing either lateral half of
  the pelvis that in humans is broad and expanded
  above and narrower below where it joins with the
  ischium and pubis to form part of the acetabulum
• ili/0 ilium

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Kyphosis

• Main Entry kyphosis
• Pronunciation \ki-fo-s?s\
• Plural kyphoses \-sez\
• Definition exaggerated outward curvature of
  the thoracic region of the spinal column
  resulting in a rounded upper back (humpback)
• kyph a hump
• -osis condition (usually abnormal)

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Lordosis

• Main entry lordosis
• Pronunciation \lo?r-do-s?s\
• Definition exaggerated forward curvature of the
  lumbar and cervical regions of the spinal column
  (swayback)
• lord bending, curve, swayback
• -osis condition (usually abnormal)

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Lumbar

• Main Entry lumbar
• Pronunciation \l?m-b?r, -bär\
• Definition pertaining to the loins (lower
  back) lumbodynia pain in the loins (lower
  back)
• lumb loin, lower back
• -ar pertaining to
• lumb/o loin, lower back
• -dynia pain

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Mandibular

• Main Entry mandibular
• Pronunciation \-y?-l?r\
• Definition of, relating to, or located near a
  mandible (lower jawbone)
• mandibul lower jawbone
• -ar pertaining to

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Maxilla

• Main Entry maxilla
• Pronunciation \mak-sil-?\
• Plural maxillae \-sil-e, -i\ or maxillas
• Definition pertaining to the upper jawbone
• maxill jawbone
• -a pertaining to

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Myelitis

• Main Entry myelitis
• Pronunciation \mi-?-lit-?s\
• Plural myelitides \-lit-?-dez\
• Definition inflammation of the spinal cord or
  of the bone marrow
• myel bone marrow
• -it is inflammation

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Myeloma

• Main Entry myeloma
• Pronunciation \mi-?-lo-m?\
• Plural myelomas also myelomata \-m?t-?\
• Definition tumor of the bone marrow
• myel bone marrow
• -oma tumor

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Myelopoiesis

• Main Entry myelopoiesis
• Pronunciation \mi-?-lo-po?i-e-s?s\
• Plural myelopoieses \-e-sez\
• Definition formation of bone marrow
• myel/o bone marrow
• -poiesis formation

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Olecranal

• Pronunciation o-lek ran-al
• Definition pertaining to the elbow
• olecran elbow
• -al pertaining to

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Osteocarcinoma

• Main Entry carcinoma
• Pronunciation \kärs-?n-o-m?\
• Plural carcinomas also carcinomata
  \-m?t-?\
• Definition cancerous tumor of a bone new
  growth of epithelial tissue
• oste/o bone
• carcin cancer
• -oma tumor

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Osteomalacia

• Main Entry osteomalacia
• Pronunciation \äs-te-o-m?-la-sh(e-)?\
• Definition a disease of adults that is
  characterized by softening of the bones and is
  analogous to rickets in the young
• oste/o bone
• -malacia softening

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Osteopenia

• Main Entry osteopenia
• Pronunciation \äs-te-o-pe-ne-?\
• Definition reduction in bone volume to below
  normal levels
• oste/o bone
• -penia deficiency

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Osteoporosis

• Main Entry osteoporosis
• Pronunciation \äs-te-o-p?-ro-s?s\
• Plural osteoporoses \-sez\
• Definition a condition that affects especially
  older women and is characterized by decrease in
  bone mass with decreased density and enlargement
  of bone spaces, producing porosity and
  brittleness
• oste/o bone
• por a passage
• -osis condition (usually abnormal)

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Progression of Osteoporosis
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Patellar

• Main Entry patella
• Pronunciation \p?-tel-?\
• Plural patellae \-tel-e, -i\ or patellas
• Definition a thick, flat, triangular, movable
  bone that forms the anterior point of the knee
  and protects the front of the jointcalled also
  kneecap, kneepan
• patell kneecap
• -ar pertaining to

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Pedal

• Main Entry pedal
• Pronunciation \ped-?l also ped-\
• Definition of or relating to the foot
• ped foot
• -al pertaining to

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Phalangeal

• Main Entry phalangeal
• Pronunciation \fa-l?n-je-?l, fal-?n-
  f?-lan-je-, fa-\
• Definition of or relating to a phalanx or the
  phalanges pertaining to the bones of the fingers
  and the toes
• phalang/e phalanges (finger/toe bones)
• -al pertaining to

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Phosphorus (P)

• Main Entry phosphorus
• Pronunciation \fäs-f(?-)r?s\
• Definition mineral that is essential in bone
  formation, muscle contraction, and many other
  functionssymbol P
• phos light
• phor carrying
• -us pertaining to

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Radiograph

• Main Entry radiograph
• Pronunciation \-graf\
• Definition an X-ray or gamma-ray photograph
  film or record on which an x-ray image is
  produced also called radiogram
• radi/o x-ray
• -graph record instrument for recording

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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

• Main Entry rheumatoid arthritis
• Definition a usually chronic disease that is
  considered an autoimmune disease and is
  characterized especially by pain, stiffness,
  inflammation, swelling , and sometimes
  destruction of joints abbreviation RA results
  in crippling deformities also called atrophic
  arthritis
• rheumat discharge
• -oid resemble
• arthr joint
• -it is inflammation

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Scapular

• Main Entry scapular
• Pronunciation \skap-y?-l?r\
• Definition of, relating to, or affecting the
  shoulder or scapula
• scapul shoulder blade
• -ar pertaining to

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Scoliosis

• Main Entry scoliosis
• Pronunciation \sko-le-o-s?s\
• Plural scolioses \-sez\
• Definition a lateral curvature of the spine
• scoli curvature
• -osis
• condition (usually abnormal)

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Scoliosis
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Spinal

• Main Entry 1spinal
• Pronunciation \spin-?l\
• Definition 1 of, relating to, or situated near
  the spinal column 2 a of, relating to, or
  affecting the spinal cord b having the spinal
  cord functionally isolated (as by surgical
  section) from the brain c used for
  spinal anesthesia 3 made for or fitted to the
  spinal column (a spinal brace)
• spin spine
• -al pertaining to

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Spondylitis

• Main Entry spondylitis
• Pronunciation \spän-d?-lit-?s\
• Definition inflammation of one or more
  vertebrae
• spondyl vertebra
• -it is inflammation

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Sternal

• Main Entry sternal
• Pronunciation \st?rn-?l\
• Definition of or relating to the sternum
  (breastbone)
• stern sternum,
• breastbone
• -al
• pertaining to

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Sternotomy

• Main Entry sternotomy
• Pronunciation \st?r-nät-?-me\
• Plural sternotomies
• Definition surgical incision through the
  sternum (breastbone)
• stern/0 sternum,
• breastbone
• -tomy incision

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Tibial

• Main Entry tibial
• Pronunciation \tib-e-?l\
• Definition of, relating to, or located near a
  tibia the shin bone larger of the two bones of
  the lower leg
• tibi tibia
• -al pertaining to

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Ulno-carpal

• Main Entry ulna
• Pronunciation \?l-n?\
• Plural ulnae \-ne\ or ulnas
• Definition the bone on the little-finger side
  of the human forearm that forms with the humerus,
  the elbow joint, and serves as a pivot in
  rotation of the hand pertaining to the ulna side
  of the wrist
• uln/o ulna, elbow
• carp wrist
• -al pertaining to

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Vertebro-sternal

• Main Entry vertebrosternal rib
• Pronunciation \v?r-t?-bro-st?r-n?l-\
• Definition pertaining to a vertebra and the
  sternum
• vertebr/o vertebra
• stern sternum
• -al pertaining to