Folie 1

1
Robert Mischkowitz
DEVELOPMENT OF MONITORING INSTRUMENTS FOR
JUDICIAL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT INSTITUTIONS IN THE
WESTERN BALKANS PHASE 3 POLICE
TRAINING Belgrade, 8th 10th November 2010
2
Session 1

• Introductions
• Where this training fits into the CARDS Project
• How the sessions are organised

3
MY BACKGROUND

• Head of Unit KI 12 Police crime statistics
  research unit, criminal-statistical and
  criminological analyses, research on
  undetected/unreported crime in the German
  Bundeskriminalamt (BKA)
• Entry into the Bundeskriminalamt in 1993
• Senior researcher in the BKA (1999-2000) main
  fields of research
• Xenophobic violence drugs and crime corruption
  in police, customs and judiciary organized
  crime research
• Head of the administrative office of the
  committee of experts responsible for the
  .Periodical Report on Crime and Criminal Justice
  in Germany (2000-2006)
• Before entering the BKA Research assistant at
  the Institute of Criminolgy at the University of
  Tübingen (1983-1993)
• Tübingen Comparative Study of Young Offenders
  (criminal career research)
• Study of sociology, political science and
  economics (Tübingen, Ann Arbor)

4
INTRODUCTIONS FROM PARTICIPANTS
5
STRENGTHENING JUSTICE HOME AFFAIRS STATISTICS
IN THE WESTERN BALKANS
Objective to strengthen response to crime and corruption by bringing national statistics on justice and home affairs towards compliance with international standards and EU acquis Project funded by the EU under the CARDS programme with additional funds from Germany Started in 2009, ends in 2011 Three phases
7 countries / territories Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina, Croatia, FYROM, Kosovo (under UNSCR 1244), Montenegro, Serbia
6
THE THREE PHASES PHASE 1 (RESEARCH)

• Set out relevant international standards and EU
  acquis
• Picture of the strengths weaknesses of data
  collection systems
• Identify gaps and needs of statistical systems
• It involved
• Desktop research
• 7 research missions
• One output
• Technical Assessment Reports for 7 countries /
  territories

7
PHASE 2 GUIDELINES

• To identify common data collection challenges
• To discuss and adopt specific draft programme
  guidelines
• To agree on a set of regional indicators
• To prioritise training needs and adopt outlines
  of training programmes
• It involved
• Preparation of draft Programme Guidelines
• Feedback from project countries / territories
• Discussion and adoption at First Regional
  Workshop
• One output
• Programme Guidelines adopted

8
PHASE 3 TRAINING

• To design and deliver targeted training
  activities
• To improve national capacities to record and
  report JHA statistics in line with international
  standards and EU acquis
• To identify areas for further work and
  improvements
• It involves
• Training to be carried out by international
  experts together with national focal points and
  national counterparts
• Training delivered to police, prosecution,
  courts, and institutions in areas of migration /
  asylum / visa

9
FIRST REGIONAL WORKSHOP (SKOPJE, MAY 2010)

• Goals
• To present the technical assessment reports
• To identify common data collection challenges
• To adopt specific draft guidelines
• To prioritise training needs
• To adopt the outlines of the training program
• To agree on a set of regional indicators

10
CHALLENGES OF THE CCJ STATISTICAL SYSTEM IN THE
WESTERN BALKANS

• Developing person-based systems
• Developing better computerised systems to record
  data
• Assigning a unique Integrated File Number (IFN)
  to person-records in order to track persons
  across the whole CCJ system
• Defining clear written counting rules to record
  crime incidents
• Training all responsible staff with regard to
  implementation
• Enhancing statistical analysis of the data
  collected
• Improving public dissemination of the data
  collected
• I WILL DEAL WITH SOME BUT NOT ALL OF THESE ISSUES

11
RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE PROGRAMME GUIDELINES
1 Offender-victim relationship and - if available - ethnicity Session 4
3, 4, 5 Dealing with cases where there are multiple offences and suspects ( 3). principle offence rule ( 3). Training for others on this ( 4) Session 4
6, 7, 13 Publication of annual standard tables on offences, offenders and victims. Internet publication. Sessions 3, 5, 6
46 Victim surveys Session 7
12
Suggested training topics

• recording templates (for example, recording of
  victim-offender relationship)
• registering criminal liability of legal entities
  
• counting and recording of offences/persons with
  links to organized crime
• collection and recording of statistics on hate
  crimes (crimes with racist, xenophobic or other
  similar motive) pp.
• use of analytical software (like data warehouse
  etc.)
• reporting and publishing of crime statistics -
  different products for different audiences
• best practice for dissemination of crime
  statistics (internet, etc..)
• transfer of knowledge and experience from other
  crime statistics systems (for example, on
  counting rules and person characteristics covered
  in the German crime statistics system)
• I WILL DEAL WITH SOME BUT NOT ALL OF THESE ISSUES

13
Session 2
Overview of reports of police data at
international and national level
14
SESSION 2 OVERVIEW OF REPORTS OF POLICE DATA AT
INTERNATIONAL NATIONAL LEVEL

• The need for valid data and common standards
  some preaching!
• Main international compilations of police figures
• Examples of national report
• Germany
• UK
• Introduction to suggested Regional Indicators and
  Pilot Data Collection Exercise

15
THE NEED FOR VALID STATISTICS

• For knowledge-based crime policy....
• You need to know the facts
• To interpret your knowledge....
• You need to compare across years, and across
  countries
• To compare....
• Your data need to be comparable within your own
  jurisdiction over time, and ideally with
  other jurisdictions
• To be comparable....
• Means that common standards have been applied
  within the jurisdiction, and over time, and
  ideally the same as other jurisdictions
• Based on Kauko Aromaa (HEUNI)

16
COMMON STANDARDS

• Work developing fast within the UN and the EU
• Guidance manuals from the UN and EU
• But there are considerable difficulties in
  reaching comparability because of
• Different legal frameworks and definitions of
  offences
• Different policing and prosecutorial arrangements
• Differing capacities in criminal justice agencies
• Different operational requirements that the
  statistics serve
• Different counting rules (Session 4)

17
INTERNATIONAL REPORTS

• Not very long-standing
• All come with substantial caveats
• World Health Organisation covers violence
  (probably least comparable)
• United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the
  Operation of the Criminal Justice System (UN
  CTS)
• European Sourcebook
• Eurostat Statistics in Focus Crime and
  Criminal Justice
• International Crime Statistics (ICS ICPO)

18
UNITED NATIONS
Latest edition 2010 (covering data from 1996 2006) Data available Serbia provided data for 11th Survey Covers more than police-recorded crime - e.g., CJS personnel and prisoner numbers Data requirements have been simplified over time
http//www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Crime-statistics/International_Statistics_on_Crime_and_Justice.pdf http//www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Crime-statistics/International_Statistics_on_Crime_and_Justice.pdf
19
EUROPEAN SOURCEBOOK
Latest edition 2010 About three previous editions Data available Serbia has not provided data Much work done on improving and documenting comparability
http//www.europeansourcebook.org/ob285_full.pdf http//www.europeansourcebook.org/ob285_full.pdf
20
EUROSTAT
Latest edition 2009 Modelled on Sourcebook Serbia has provided data Seven crime types Limited commentary, but good notes
http//epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-09-036/EN/KS-SF-09-036-EN.PDF http//epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-09-036/EN/KS-SF-09-036-EN.PDF
21
ICPO International Crime Statistics (ICS)
22
NATIONAL REPORTS

• Massive variety of styles
• Usually annual
• Sometimes with other criminal justice system
  information sometimes not
• Sometimes with special topics sometimes not
• USA Index crimes only
• Now usually available on the web
• Data sometimes downloadable

23
NATIONAL REPORTS

• Massive variety of styles
• Usually annual
• Sometimes with other criminal justice system
  information sometimes not
• Sometimes with special topics sometimes not
• USA Index crimes only
• Now usually available on the web
• Data sometimes downloadable

24
Germany Yearbook published by BKA
25
Germany PCS Brochure (Ministry of the Interior)
26
Germany - Presentation of statistics
27
ENGLAND WALES
Publication has changed over time Now covers British Crime Survey (BCS) and police figures Produce additional reports - e.g., homicide Also quarterly bulletins Publication tightly controlled by Office of National Statistics rules
28
SUGGESTED REGIONAL INDICATORS (1)
No. of CRIMES recorded by the police, by offence type Recorded by the police (some crimes are not reported by victims)

No. of PERSONS recorded by the police as suspects, by offence type The first stage of the attrition calculation. In the current system, these are suspects.
No. of PERSONS (suspects), by age group
No. of PERSONS (suspects), by sex
No. of PERSONS (suspects), by citizenship
No. of PERSONS (suspects), by ethnicity Not currently collected
No. of PERSONS (suspects), by whether recidivist or not Feasible?
29
SUGGESTED REGIONAL INDICATORS (2)
No. of VICTIMS of crime recorded, by offence type Issue of counting the number of victims
No. of VICTIMS recorded, by age
No. of VICTIMS recorded, by sex
No. of VICTIMS recorded, by citizenship
No. of VICTIMS recorded, by ethnicity May be problematic for some crime types
Offender-victim relationship in recorded crime, by offence type
30
SUGGESTED REGIONAL INDICATORS (3)
Victimisation rates (prevalence rates) by crime type according to victim surveys Crimes included in scope of the survey

Share of crimes reported and un-reported according to victim surveys Crimes reported to the police, or which the police came to know about
31
OFFENCES FOR THE REGIONAL INDICATORS
The following offence types are considered as
core crimes to be covered in the 12th UN Survey
by the end of 2010 Intentional
Homicide Violent Crime Assault Sexual
Violence Rape Robbery Property
Crime Theft Motor Vehicle Theft Burglary D
omestic Burglary/Housebreaking Drug
Possession/Use Drug Trafficking Kidnapping for
Ransom
Not all these offences are being covered in the Pilot Data Collection Exercise
32

• How do the tables in Serbian statistics
  currently meet the requirements of the suggested
  Regional Indicators?

33
Session 3
Overview of tablews and analysis in
current German reports on crime and tables
produced in Serbia
34
Table 01 and 08
35
Most important tables (11 out of 25)

• Table 01 Basic table (recorded offences and
  attemps by size of communities, recorded
  suspects use of firearm, clearance etc.)
• Table 07 Offences by amount of loss
• Table 12 Information about cleared up cases
• Table 20 Suspects by age and sex
• Table 21 Relationship between place of the
  offense and residence of suspect
• Table 22 Other information about suspects
• Table 61 Non-German suspects by nature of and
  reason for their stay in Germany

36
Most important tables (11 out of 25)

• Table 91 Victims by age and sex
• Table 92 Relation between victims and suspects
• Table 40 German suspects by age and sex
• Table 50 Non-German suspects by age and sex

37
PKS-EDS Datenanlieferung
38
Data Set - Identification
39
Case Data
40
Victim Data
41
Suspect Data
42

What tables are produced in Serbia?
43

44

45
Committee and Administrative Office
Commitee of Experts Ministry of the
Interior Ministry of Justice Federal Criminal
Police Office Federal Statistical Office Central
Institute of Criminology
Administrative Office Federal Criminal Police
Office Federal Statistical Office Central
Institute of Criminology
46
Definition of Organised Crime

• Organised Crime is the planned commission of
  criminal offences
• determined by the pursuit of profit or power,
  which, individually
• or as a whole, are of considerable importance,
• whenever more than two persons involved
  collaborate
• for a prolonged or indefinite period of time,
• each with his own appointed tasks
• a) by using commercial or business-
• like structures,
• b) by using violence or other means suitable
• for intimidation or
• c) by exerting influence on politics, the media,
• public administration, judicial authorities
  or the economy.

47
Objectives of the Reporting Service

• Maintenance of a uniform system of data
  collection as part of the Criminal Police
  Reporting Service at home and abroad in case an
  investigation is is being conducted in Germany.
• Creation of a reliable database for -
  evaluation - statistical evidence -
  leadership decisions - police decisions -
  criminological research for prevention and
  law enforcement purposes

48
Objectives of the Reporting Service

• Facilitation of a differentiated consideration of
  the politically motivated crime by
  multidimensional data collection
• Ensuring adequate inclusion of the necessary
  politically motivated crime data in the police
  crime statistics

49
Definition of Politically Motivated Crime

• Criminal offences are regarded as politically
  motivated
• Crimes if, in view of the circumstances and/or
  the
• perpetrators attitude, there are indications
  that these
• offences
• are aimed at influencing the democratic process
  of
• formulating objectives, are intended to achieve
  - or
• prevent the achievement of - political
  objectives, or are
• directed against the implementation of political
  decisions
• are directed against the free democratic order or
  any of
• its essential elements, or against the existence
  and the
• security of the Federation or any of the federal
  states, or
• are aimed at unlawfully obstructing members of
  Federation
• or state constitutional organs in the
  performance of their
• duties

50
Definition of Politically Motivated Crime

• Criminal offences are regarded as politically
  motivated crimes if, in view of the circumstances
  and/or the perpetrators attitude, there are
  indications that these offences
• jeopardize foreign interests of the Federal
  Republic of Germany through the use of violence,
  or of acts preparatory to the use of violence
• are directed against an individual because of his
  or her political views, nationality, ethnic
  origin, race, skin colour, religion, ideology or
  origin, or are motivated by an individuals
  outward appearance, handicaps, sexual orientation
  or social status, and if there is a causal
  connection between these aspects and the offence,
  or if the offence is directed in this context
  against an institution, object or building.

51
Reporting procedure

• I. Identification of a criminal offence subject
  to reporting
• Transmission of the report by the state security
  unit to the appropriate state criminal police
  office by means of a Tactical Inquiry (KTA-PMK)
• III. Consideration of the uniform use of the
  definitions and collection criteria as well as
  inclusion of the report in the state criminal
  police office database and onward transmission to
  the BKA
• IV. Inclusion of the report in the BKA database.
  In a reply to the reporting unit, the BKA and
  state criminal police office share any
  intelligence held in their databases and records
  about the crime and/or criminal(s).

52
Repording produce

• In case of significant progress made in the
  investigation (e.g. identification/location of
  criminal(s)) or changes in the assessment of the
  situation, follow-up reports must be dispatched
  by additional KTA-PMK.
• VI. Upon conclusion of the police investigation a
  final KTA-PMK is provided.

53
Economic crimes (key no. 8930)

• The following offences are considered to be
  economic crime
• 1. all the criminal offences (except for
  computer fraud) listed
• in Sec. 74c (1) Nos. 1-6 of the Judicature
  Act (GVG)
• a) criminal offences according to the
  Patents Act..
• b) criminal offences involving the banking
  industry
• .
• .
• e) subsidy fraud, investment fraud, credit
  fraud
• offences committed in connection with actual or
  simulated
• economic activity and which, in addition to
  causing loses to
• individuals, can impair the economic sector
  or the general
• public and/or that require a special
  knowlede of business to
• clear them up

54
Table 02 Economic crime
55
Session 4
Particular issues from the recommendations (1)
56
2 Abs. 6 Nr. 2 BKAG

• 2 Central agency
• In its capacity as central agency to support
  the Federal
• and State police forces in the
  prosecution and
• prevention of crime, the
  Bundeskriminalamt shall also
• 1.
• 2. compile criminal police analyses and
  statistics,
• including the crime statistics,
  and, to this end,
• observe the developments in crime,

57

58
Outline of the Guidelines for Maintaining the
Police Crime Statistics
Main Part Preface (duties and responsibilities, content) Term definitions (case, suspect, use of fire arm, crime scene etc.) Aggregated key-no. (e.g. violence crime) Counting and registration rules Responsibilities of the State Criminal Police Offices Responsibility of the Federal Criminal Police Office
Attachement PCS catalogue incl. plausiblities Table overview Definition catalogue Flow chart of the counting and registrations rules Compilation of examples Compilation of resolutions
59
Police Crime Statistics Committee
60
Offence classification scheme

• A standard offence classification scheme is one
  of the most important requirements of a national
  system of criminal justice.
• (UNODC Manual 3.33)

61
Catalogue of offences
62
The Principal Offence Rule (POR)

• If a single offender commits a variety of
  crimes in one incident, how many offences
  should be recorded for statistical purposes? If,
  as in many countries only the most serious
  offence is counted for statistical purposes, the
  result is to deflate incidence statistics and at
  the same time inflate the proportion of serious
  to non-serious incidents. (UNODC Manual 3.32)

63
THE PRINCIPLE OFFENCE RULE (POR)

• International guidelines suggest it may be
  appropriate to apply a POR when counting and
  reporting offences.
• Written counting rules should say whether a POR
  rule is applied or not
• In the Western Balkan, only Albania applies a POR
• In other Western countries, about half apply a
  POR, and half do not
• The main thing is to know (if there is no POR,
  the crime count is higher)
• Ideally,the POR should be consistent across
  agencies police, prosecutors, courts
• BUT changing to a POR will reduce the crime
  count, and cause a break in the crime
  statistics series

64
Germany - Counting Rules

• Overview
• Basic case recording principle
• Subsequent acts of the same kind
• Penal accumulation of offences
• (see Handout 6)

65
Germany - Counting Rules

• Basic case recording principle
• Every unlawful act (criminal offense) that comes
  to light during an investigation must be recorded
  as 1 case, regardless of how many victims are
  involved.
• When a criminal offense coincides with another
  offense, these must also be recorded as 1 case
  (Section 52 of the German Penal Code - "natural
  unity of acts"). The criminal offense recorded as
  a case is the offense to which the most severe
  penalty applies in terms of type and degree.

66
Germany - Counting Rules

• Subsequent acts of the same kind
• When, during an investigation further unlawful
  acts committed by the same suspect that are
  covered by the same key number come to light,
  these are recorded as only 1 case if the
  following prerequisites are met
• Repeated commission of the same unlawful act
  solely to the detriment of the same victim.
• Repeated commission of the same unlawful act
  (without specific victims).

67
Germany - Counting Rules

• Penal accumulation of offences
• If several unlawful acts committed by the same
  suspect were independent acts to the detriment of
  different victims, each act counts as 1 case.

68
Germany - Counting Rules
69
THE PRINCIPLE OFFENCE RULE - EXAMPLE
Offences Offences
POR No POR
Assault ? ?
Criminal damage ? ?
Offences 1 2

Suspects
70
MULTIPLE OFFENDERS / SUSPECTS
If there is more than one offender involved in an
offence, six of the Western Balkans countries
count one offence (including Serbia?) In one
country, the number of offences the number of
offenders In terms of suspects, it is reasonable
to count two
Offenders (suspects) No POR Offenders (suspects) No POR
One Two
Assault ? ?
Criminal damage ? ?
Offences 2 2?

Suspects 1 2
71
Counting the real number of suspects
If, during the period under review, several
offences from different key categories are linked
to the same suspect, the suspect is counted
seperatly for each subordinate group but is
counted only once in the corresponding
superordinate offence category and/or in the
total number of offences.
72
Counting the real number of suspects

6
73
Session 5
Particular issues from the recommendations (2)
74
Reporting on victims

• Monitor and assess the impact of crime on and the
  relative safety of various segments of the
  community
• Interest in statistics on victims is relatively
  recent
• Suspect-offender-relationship
• Vitimization surveys
• (UNODC Manual, 3.10)

75
Categories of victim-suspect-relationship

• Related
• Acquainted
• Fellow countryman
• Passing relationship
• No Relationship
• Unclear

76
Victim Specification Categories
1. In General/ formal
77
Victim Specification Categories referring
2. Victim Specification Categories referring to
social and spatial proximity
78
Citizenship and Ethnicity

• Citizenship
• Definition of ethnicity (self-definition?)
• Migration background

79
Session 6
Publication of results, analysis and
interpretation
80
SESSION 6 PUBLICATION OF RESULTS, ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION

• What types of publication are feasible?
• What frequency of publication is feasible?
• Matching different user requirements
• What types of analysis are best? What are
  feasible?
• The type and amount of analysis and
  interpretation

81
Germany Yearbook published by BKA
82
Germany PCS Brochure (Ministry of the Interior)
83
Press Conference PCS 2009
84
Homepage
85
What type and mode of publication is feasible?

• Yearbook
• Brochure
• CD
• Internet
• Media
• Public service unit

86
What frequency of publication is feasible?

• Dependent on a variety of factors
• Annual publication
• Quarterly or half-year publication
• Input or output statistics

87
Matching different user requirements
police
general public
policy
PCS
scientific community
interest groups
media
int. and supranational institutions
88

89
What types of analysis are best? What are
feasible?

• Analysis should normally be limited to
  presentation and technical interpretation of the
  data.
• While users often want interpretive analysis of
  the policy implications of statistical findings,
  a bureau of criminal justice statistics may
  jeopardize its credibility and perceived
  objectivity by performing this type of analysis.
• Therefore, policy analysis and data
  interpretation may be more appropriately
  performed by subject-matter specialists under the
  guidance of statistical experts
• (UNODC Manual, 63)

90
The type and amount of interpretation

• Numbers do not speak for themselves
• Use of metadata
• Criminological ans sociological theories
• Recommendations

91
Statistics on crime and social research

• Interdependency of statistics and social research
• Expectations of social researchers
• Expectations of statisticans

92
Session 7
Victimisation surveys
93
The purpose of victimisation surveys

• Purpose of victim surveys (Excerpt of the UNODC
  Manual on Victimization Surveys, 2010, pp 4-5)
• Measuring fear of crime and the perception of
  safety
• Understanding the level and nature of personal
  and household crime, as well as their confidence
  in law enforcement agencies
• Covering a wide range of incidences and
  experiences not all of which may be actual crimes
  according to the law, or as recognized by
  criminals justice agencies

94
The purpose of victimisation surveys

• Depending on the budget availability a range of
  questions can be answered
• How much crime is there and what are its
  characteristics?
• What are the characteristics of victims and
  perpetrators?
• Has the level of crime changed over time?
• What are the risks of becoming a victim?
• Have perceptions of safety changed over time?
• How much crime is reported to authorities and if
  it is not, why not?
• Are crime prevention policies working?
• Is there a relationship between fear of crime and
  actual levels of crime?
• What is the impact on vulnerable groups in the
  community such as migrants, indigenous people,
  the elderly or those with a mental illness?

95
The purpose of victimisation surveys

• Further purpose of victim surveys (Excerpt of the
  BUKS Final Report, 2002)
• Identification of special risk-populations and
  -areas, both from a local and socio-economic
  point of view
• Covering the objective and subjective severity of
  victim experience for assessing the public
  relevance (influence on the registration on
  crime)
• Measuring the public need for punishment, the
  offender-victim relation, victimisation in the
  domestic context, possibilities of informal
  adjustement, availabilities of social
  assistence-systems for coping with victim
  experiences

96
The purpose of victimisation surveys

• Covering the use and assessment of victim support
  agencies
• Measuring the perceived cruelty of crime types
  for gathering information about the ethical
  assessment of behaviour and acceptance of
  different forms of punishment
• Measuring the acceptance of the criminal justice
  system and their work, in particular of the
  police and the courts

97
The purpose of victimisation surveys
Violence crime in Police Crime Statistics and in
Victim Surveys
98
VICTIMISATION SURVEYS (LIMITATIONS)

• Cant cover all crimes
• murder (obviously)
• Fraud
• victimisation of children difficult
• Non-response can be high
• Are non-responders different?
• Do respondents remember everything? Minor
  offences likely to be forgotten
• Do respondents tell interviewers everything?
  (Domestic violence)
• Sampling error
• Problematic for more uncommon crimes (e.g.,
  robbery)

99
INTERNATIONAL VICTIMISATION SURVEYS

• Set up because independent surveys not comparable
• Meant to use identical questionnaires
• Same analysis methods
• A few international business surveys
• Some international surveys on violence against
  women
• but some lack of comparability e.g. WHO

100
THE MAIN ONES
International Crime Victimisation Survey (ICVS) Five sweeps - 1989, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004/5 International Crime Victimisation Survey (ICVS) Five sweeps - 1989, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004/5 International Crime Victimisation Survey (ICVS) Five sweeps - 1989, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004/5
Tirana (Albania) 96 Zagreb (Croatia) 96, 2000 Skopje 86 Belgrade (Yugosl.) 96 Tirana (Albania) 96 Zagreb (Croatia) 96, 2000 Skopje 86 Belgrade (Yugosl.) 96 Tirana (Albania) 96 Zagreb (Croatia) 96, 2000 Skopje 86 Belgrade (Yugosl.) 96
2004/5 ICVS two different threads 2004/5 ICVS two different threads 2004/5 ICVS two different threads
EU-ICVS 15 member states EU-ICVS 15 member states ICVS outside EU 15 countries
All told, 30 countries 33 city surveys None of the Western Balkan countries All told, 30 countries 33 city surveys None of the Western Balkan countries All told, 30 countries 33 city surveys None of the Western Balkan countries
ICVS-II 2 rounds Mainly testing (including CAWI) ICVS-II 2 rounds Mainly testing (including CAWI) ICVS-II 2 rounds Mainly testing (including CAWI)
2008 4 countries 2010 6 countries 2010 6 countries
101
International comparative exercises
EU-Action Plan (2006-2010) Developing a
comprehensive and coherent EU strategy to measure
crime and criminal justice
102
SURVEYS TO BE COMPLETED
Eurostat 2013 All member states Questionnaire piloted tested in 17 countries Questionnaire now revised (see handout) but not agreed on
UNODC CORRUPTION SURVEYS IN WESTERN BALKANS Has short victimisation survey module (see handout) Mainly National Statistical Offices Fieldwork completed in Macedonia Results December 2010?
103
International comparative exercises

• Outline of the Questionnaire
• A Feeling safe and worries about crime
• B Screening questions (vehicle ownership etc.)
• C Victimisations screeners
• Vehicle-related crimes
• Household-related crimes
• Personal crimes
• Non-conventional crime
• D Victimisation details
• E Attitudes to law enforcement and security
  precautions
• F Additional personal and household information
• G Partner / non-partner physical and sexual
  violence

104
THE POSITION

• Small changes in methodology can upset
  comparability even with surveys meant to be using
  a similar questionnaire
• Western Balkans victimisation results (in
  corruption survey) may not be comparable
• Because of smaller number of prompts
• Violent victimisation especially problematic
• Eurostat 2013 survey will have different prompts
  for violence

105
Session 8
Round-up
106
Summary of sessions 2-7 with discussion about
each session
107
Issues that were felt were not adequately
discussed or agreed
108
Agree and define goals for the short-term and
long-term
109
Define deadlines for some short-term goals