Organelles in the Cytoplasm

1
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
(1) nucleolus (2) nucleus
(3) ribosome (4) vesicle
(5) rough ER (6) Golgi apparatus
(7) cytoskeleton (8) smooth ER (9)
mitochondria (10) vacuole (11) cytoplasm
(12) lysosome (13) centrioles

• Little Organs found in the cell

2
Ribosomes

• Produce proteins
• Made up of small particles of RNA and protein
• Either free in the cytoplasm or attached to
  Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)

3
RIBOSOMES

• Produce proteins and pass them to the ER

Spinach makes Popeye active, but for his cells to
be active, ribosomes create proteins.
RIBoSomesYum, protein!
4
Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)

• Parts of the cell membrane are assembled and some
  proteins are changed (modified)
• Rough ER in charge of protein synthesis
• (Called rough because of ribosomes)
• Smooth ER no ribosomes present
• Contains enzymes that perform specialized tasks
  such as lipid synthesis

5
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

• Maze-like passageway or hallway that carries
  proteins other materials from one part of the
  cell to another

The ER acts like a conveyor belt moving materials
from one place to another.
6
Golgi Apparatus

• Enzymes here attach carbohydrates and lipids to
  proteins
• Stack of membranes
• After the ER makes the proteins, they moves into
  the Golgi apparatus

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GOLGI BODIES

• Looks like a flattened collection of sacs tubes
• Receives proteins other newly formed materials
  from
  the ER

Golgi Golden Stack of pancakes!
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GOLGI BODIES

• Packages proteins releases them outside the
  cell.
• Also, distributes proteins inside the cell.

• The Cells mailroom

9
Lysosomes

• Small organelle filled with enzymes
• Functions to break down lipids, carbohydrates and
  proteins from food into particles that could be
  utilized by the rest of the cell
• Debris removal (cleans cell)
• Break down worn out organelles

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LYSOSOMES

• Small round structures
• Contain powerful digestive enzymes that break
  down large food particles recycle old cell parts

Acts as a wrecking ball that breaks apart wastes
cleaning crew oh the cleaning power of Lysosome
Lysol!
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Vacuoles

• Stores the stuff that the cell needs (water,
  carbohydrate, salts and proteins)
• Plant and animal cells have vacuoles
• Larger in plant cells

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VACUOLES

• Large, round, water-filled sac floating in the
  cytoplasm
• Most plant cells have one large vacuole
• Stores food, water and waste

Like your suitcase, a vacuole is a storage space
for the cell.
Imagine vacuuming the floorall of that stuff
is stored and can later be dumped!
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PLANT CELLS

• Have a few extra organelles that function
  somewhat differently

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Chloroplasts

• Organelle in a plant cell similar to
  mitochondria
• Use energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food
  molecules in a process known as photosynthesis
• Gives plants their green color

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Mitochondria

• Organelles that release energy from stored food
  molecules
• Power house of the cell
• Energy released from the mitochondria is used by
  the cell for growth, development and movement
• Found in nearly all eukaryotic cells

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MITOCHONDRIA

• Rod-shaped structures
• produce most of the energy a cell needs to carry
  out its function
• The powerhouses

Energy Producers The MIGHTY mitochondria!

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• CILIA
• Hair-like projections that move in waves
• FLAGELLA
• Long tail-like projection that moves in whiplike
  motion

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Cell Analogy Project

• 1.Obtain Cell Analogy Project from one of your
  teachers.
• 2. Work in groups to draw your own cell analogy
  you must use a different analogy than the example
  in the handout! ?

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Levels of Organization
Section 7- 4
CELL
TISSUE
ORGAN
ORGAN SYSTEM
Muscle cell
Smooth muscle tissue
Stomach
Digestive system
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