Ancient Rome

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Ancient Rome
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Origins of Rome

• Story of Romulus Remus
• In reality, men NOT mortals built Rome

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The Roman World, 265 BC-AD 117
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Romes Geography

• Built on 7 rolling hills at a curve on the Tiber
  River
• Near the center of the Italian Peninsula

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The First Romans

• Arrived in PRE-HISTORIC times
• 3 groups inhabited the region
• Latins (original settlement _at_ Rome)
• Greeks (southern Italy Sicily colonies)
• Etruscans (northern Italy)
• Begin Organizer NOTES
• 1st 500 years roots are from Etruscan culture
• Writing system, metalworkers, alphabet adopted by
  Romans
• Greek Latin Influences as well

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Early Republic

• Last king of Rome (Tarquin the Proud)
• Driven out of power b/c he was a TYRANT
• Created a REPUBLIC
• Where power rests citizens who have the right to
  vote its leaders

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Social Classes

• Patricians (inherited power social status)
• Nobles of Rome (wealthy landowners)
• Forced out King
• Declared a republic in 509 BC
• Elected leaders
• Plebeians
• Majority of population
• Wealthy, working class, poor
• Had some rights (could vote)
• Couldnt hold office
• Eventually allowed to form assembly elect
  representatives (TRIBUES)

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Twelve Tables

• Tablets that Patricians were forced to write laws
  
• Hung throughout Romes Forum
• Established that ALL FREE CITIZENS had right to
  protection under laws

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Twelve Tables Images
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Government Under Republic

• Executive Branch
• 2 consuls (officials)
• Commanded army directed government
• 1 year terms for Patricians
• Could not be elected again for 10 years
• Consul members could overrule, or VETO, each other

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Government Under Republic

• Legislative Branch
• Senate
• 300 members
• Chosen from upper class of Roman society (only
  Patricians originally)
• Served for LIFE

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Family Life

• Very important
• Close-knit and large
• Fatherabsolute authority
• Could sell family into slavery
• Could kill w/out penalty
• Roman women had higher positions than Greek women

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Religion

• Early Romans worshipped nature/spirits
• Borrowed Greek gods (Zeus and Jupiter)
• Believed in foretelling the future

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Army

• Well trained
• Deserter death
• EVERY MALE citizen served
• Legions (multitude) of 5000 men in units of
  60-120 men

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Punic Wars

• Began in 264 BC (lasted until 146 BC)
• Between Rome and Carthage
• Officially were 3 Punic Wars
• Second Punic War
• Mastermind was Carthaginian general Hannibal
• Goal avenge Carthages early defeat

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Hannibal

• Assembled a HUGE army
• Capture ROME!
• Initially, Hannibal was successful
• Rome had many allies that offered support
• Third Punic War
• Rome TRIUMPHS
• Set Carthage afire and sold 50,000
  inhabitants into slavery

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Outcomes

• Rome dominates Western Europe
• Set out to conquer Eastern Europe
• Will stretch the Roman Empire from Anatolia
  (present day Turkey) to Spain