1914-1918: The World at War

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1914-1918The Worldat War
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Causesof theWar
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M.A.I.N

• Militarism the development of armed forces
  their use as a
• tool of
  diplomacy
• Alliance System countries form alliances with
  one another
• 
  to help provide international security
• Imperialism building of empires by extending
  their economic
• political
  control over various peoples around
• the world
• Nationalism the devotion to the interests
  culture of ones
• nation

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1. The Alliance System
Triple Entente
Triple Alliance
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Two Armed Camps!
Allied Powers
Central Powers
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The Major Players 1914-17
Allied Powers
Central Powers
Nicholas II Rus
Wilhelm II Ger
George V Br
Victor Emmanuel II It
Enver PashaTurkey
Pres. Poincare Fr
Franz Josef A-H
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Europe in 1914
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2. Militarism Arms Race
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers
Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus. in millions of
s.
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
France 10
Britain 13
Russia 39
Germany 73
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3. Economic Imperial Rivalries
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4. Aggressive Nationalism
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Pan-Slavism The Balkans, 1914
ThePowder Kegof Europe
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TheSpark
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand His Family
Heir to the Austrian throne
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The Assassination Sarajevo
June 1914 shot and killed while visiting Bosnian
capital Sarajevo
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The Assassin
Gavrilo Princip (Serbian nationalist)
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Whos To Blame?
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The Schlieffen Plan

• Germany invades Belgium Aug. 3, 1914
• Invade Belgium, then onto Paris, France, then
  Russia

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Mobilization

• Home by Christmas!
• No major war in 50 years!
• Nationalism!

It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long
way to go It's a long way to Tipperary,
To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye,
Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square,
It's a long, long way to Tipperary,
But my heart's right there!
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The Western Front A War of Attrition
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A Multi-Front War
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The Western Front
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Trench Warfare
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Trench Warfare
No Mans Land
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Verdun February, 1916

• German offensive.
• Each side had 500,000 casualties.

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The Somme July, 1916

• 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
• Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

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War Is HELL !!
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Sacrifices in War
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AmericaJoinstheAllies
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Americans are Divided

• Socialists- criticize war as capitalist
  imperialist
• Pacifists- belief that war was evil America
  needs to set an example
• of peace to rest of world
• Home Country Ties- many sympathized with the
  country in
• 
  which they had emigrated from
• Economic Ties- most tied to Allied Powers, less
  to Germany
• Outcome
• Remain NEUTRAL

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War Hits Home

• British blockade German coast
• German U-Boats counter-blockade
• Outcome American ships civilians caught in
  middle

May 1915 British liner Lusitania sunk (128
Americans die) August 1915 British liner Arabic
sunk (2 American die) March 1916 French liner
Sussex sunk (5 Americans die)
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War is inevitable.

• Woodrow Wilson is re-elected in 1916
• January 1917 calls for a peace without
  vicotory..a peace between equals
• Germany ignores Wilsons call for peace
• January 31. Kaiser Wilhelm declares Germany will
  resume Unrestricted Submarine Warfare in
  British waters

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The Zimmerman Telegram

• German foreign minister
• sends telegram to
• German ambassador in
• Mexico
• Suggested Mexico
• declare war with U.S.
• and Germany would
• support them in alliance

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The YanksAre Coming! April 1917
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Americans in the Trenches
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The War of theIndustrial RevolutionNewTech
nology
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French Renault Tank
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British Tank at Ypres
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U-Boats
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Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
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The Airplane
Squadron Over the BrentaMax Edler von Poosch,
1917
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The Flying Aces of World War I
FrancescoBarraco, It.
Eddie MickMannoch, Br.
Eddie Rickenbacher, US
Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.The Red Baron
Rene PaukFonck, Fr.
Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.
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Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant
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Looking for the Red Baron?
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The Zeppelin
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FlameThrowers
GrenadeLaunchers
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Poison Gas
Machine Gun
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ArtofWorldWar I
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11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!
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9,000,000 Dead
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The Somme American Cemetary, France
116,516 Americans Died
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World War I Casualties